378 
ELYMNIAS. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
wing with unicoloured blue submarginal spots. Mai. Peninsula. There are transition forms between this and the 
ornamenta- $-fa. ornamenta Fruhst.. Hindwing with a series of 3- — 5 large white submarginal spots. Malay Peninsula; — 
agina. $-fa. agina Fruhst. Forewing with large white submarginal spots, which are only peripherally glossed with blue 
discrepans. or violet. Hindwing with or without Avhite spots. Singapore, Perak, Deli-Sumatra. $-fa. discrepans Dist. Fore¬ 
wing with blue submarginal spots, median area broadly grossed with red-brown. Probably a dry form. I have a 
transition form from ornamenta to discrepans, with a reddish gloss on the disc of the forewing. Malay Peninsula. 
nigrescens. Only one $ known, beatrice inhabits Perak, Singapore, North-east Sumatra, Lingga, Riouw. -— nigrescens 
Btlr. the type of the name comes from Borneo, where there are two named <$ forms; nigrescens , probably the 
hecate. common Elymnias of the Lowlands, and hecate Btlr. a hill form, unles it be the dry form of the preceeding, smaller 
and less marked. The Borneo nigrescens differ from beatrice generally in the much darker hindwings, also the 
$ form decolorata appears to be more frequent than in Sumatra. As the special differentiating character for 
hecate Btlr. I would take the more sharply, and in hecate pointedty dentate terminal margin of the hindwings. 
pseudagina. — §-fa. pseudagina Fruhst. Corresponds with the beatrice <J-fa. agina, from which the Borneo $ differs in the 
dominating white of the submarginal spots. The almost black, scarcely blue shaded forewings are ornamented 
with rich white cilia, which are Wanting in agina. In this $ form the prominent limbal toothing of all the wings 
at da. is very striking. Underside darker, more uniformly red-brown than in agina , Sarawak, May, —■ $ fa edela 
Fruhst. Analogue of the $ form beatrice, but always smaller with duller and darker pure blue submarginal band 
on the fore wings. Undersurface as light and as richly checkered with white as in beatrice and agina. Pontianak. 
virilis. — §-fa. virilis Fruhst. This form is peculiar to Borneo, and even there it seems very scarce, as I only received 
one specimen in about 20 years. Both w'ings with narrow red distal border, the blue submarginal spots on the 
forewing reduced, otherwise of the same brown-violet ground colour as the $. Hindwings uniform black- 
mditophUu. brown, without a trace of white spots. Lawas, North Borneo. — melitophila Fruhst. This remarkable Island 
form departs from all the other races of nigrescens, in the brilliant red, rather broad distal border of all wings, 
especially in the $?, and in the $ through the brown, instead of blue or violet ground colour of the upper sur¬ 
face. The submarginal spots on the forewing are more widely separated, the costal spots are either reduced 
(in A) or entirely wanting (in $), whereas in beatrice etc. it is just in the costal area of the wing that we find an 
assemblage of blue spots, usually coalescing into an oblique bar, and widely spread. Under surface of meli¬ 
tophila uniform red-brown, without any sharply defined darker distal margin on hindwing, and without the apical, 
triangular, white spot, as present in baliensis Fruhst. and all the macromalayan and continental nigrescens. 
orientalis. Only one ^ form. Lombok, Sapit, April, 1896 at a height of about 2000 feet. — orientals Bob., distal border 
of hindwing reddish-bluish, indistinctly defined. Rober’s cotype now in my possession appears to be a wet 
season form. I also now possess what, if we may judge by its appearance and the date of capture, appears to 
dohertgi. be the dry form. This I have already briefly described as dohertyi Fruhst. But I would now call it forma 
temp. sicc. dohertyi. <$; habitually smaller than my sumhana $£. The red distal border of the forewings entirely 
wanting, that of the hindwing narrowed and darker. The blue markings on the forewings shorter than in orien¬ 
talis and sumhana. Under surface; the light apical spot on the forewing narrower than in orientalis, the pale 
distal border of the hindwing, entirely absent in orientalis, is straighter and appears more sharply defined than in 
sumbawana. sumbana. South-east Flores, harbour of Endeh, Oct. — sumbawana Fruhst. (87 c). J larger than Flores dh 
submarginal spots of the forewing lighter blue and more imposing than in orientalis, more than twice the size 
of those in melitophila, broader and confluent towards the costa. Hindwing with narrower red-brown border 
than in the Lombok form, but paler and broader than in nigrescens from Flores. Forewing with a light reddish 
distal tinge, which is not nearly so bright as in melitophila. $. Forewing deep blue, instead of red-brown as in 
melitophila, with twice as large white, dark blue or violet ringed submarginal spots. Hindwing with 3 -—4 pro¬ 
minent white spots. The claret and yellow-reddish distal bordering, which is so distinct in melitophila, is redu¬ 
ced to a minimum. Underside darker red-brown, submarginal area more richly white -marked than in melito¬ 
phila. Tambora, Sumbawa. Martin took sumbawana on Bima, immediately behind the first houses on the 
sumbana. coast. -— sumbana Fruhst. represents, as is usual with the Sumba butterflies, the smallest race in the above 
named islands of Lombok, Flores and Sumbawa. The type of colouring resembles that of melitophila, the sub¬ 
marginal spot on the forewing are intermediate in size between those of nigrescens from Lombok and from 
Sumbawa, but are somewhat broader towards the costa. The under surface differs from all other micromalayan 
races known to me in the larger, oblong, paler apical spot of the forewing, together with the unusually broad, 
light grey-yellow distal margin of the hindwing strongly contrasting with the red-brown basal half. Sumba; 
iimorensis. appears rather scarce. — timorensis Fruhst., B with light blue submarginal bands than in the Sumba specimens. 
Timor, apparently rare; the $ is wanting. We find nigrescens also in the Philippines, but in a form so greatly 
modified, that we must grant it specific rank. 
E. congruenso The determination of the type of this species presents some difficulties, because Semper 
certainly says in the first part of the text; “Received 31 specimens from Mindoro etc.” but in the detailed 
description of the species “the only specimen received from Mindoro possibly belongs to another species”. 
All forms of congruens have in common gently rounded forewings and relatively sharply angled hindwing. The 
