380 
ELYMNIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer, 
A well marked local form, $ with narrower black streaks along the veins, the interneural striae light green, 
in $ almost whitish green. $ with large brown apical spot, broad black distal border, three confluent subapical, 
and 3 isolated median submarginal spots in the forewing, which are proximal black bordered. Nervures much 
more narrowly brown streaked than in neolais and laisides, especially on the almost entirely whitish grey 
hindwings, the interspaces of which have black, instead of brown scales. The under surface recalls timandra 
in the white, instead of yellowish grey ground colour; irroration black instead of brown, as in neolais, and in 
hypereides. the $$ much denser than in the $$ from Nais and Sumatra. Batu Island, Pulo-Tello. — hypereides Fruhst. 
(87 d). ; Upper surface darker green and much more broadly black streaked than in the sumatran laisides. 
<$] cell of forewing darker, much more richly irrorated with brown-black than in laisides and lioneli. Apical 
striae of the fore wing more extended, more dark blue than light violet irridescent, the long pointed spot before 
the cell narrower and blue violet, in place of white. The brown ground tone of the underside reminds more 
coelifrons of neolais than laisides ; the $$ are also much darker than the Sumatra North Borneo. -— coelifrons 
Fruhst. The coloration of the $ is very close to that of hypereides $$, from which it differs in the more ex¬ 
tensive brown markings along the veins on the upperside of the hindwings. The $ departs from all known 
races through the presence of 3 large, dark blue subapical spots, giving a certain resemblance to neolais 
$, and in the markings along the veins being almost confluent and deep blue in place of black. South-east 
nesaea. Borneo. •— nesaea L. ( = lais Cr. et auct.). The javanese nesaea $$ differ from their sister forms of the macro- 
malayan Archipelago in the absence of the apical violet tinge on the forewing, and the more regularly and spar¬ 
sely brown scaled under surface. In my collection I have many specimens from West Java, w here the spe¬ 
cies was found from the sea coast up to about 2500 feet high; it lives in thin woods and village copses, where 
the butterfly moves slowly and quietly in the slight shade during the morning hours, but is nowhere frequent. 
Herr Piepers in a letter dated 31 March, 1907, informs me, that he had discovered hypermnestra and nesaea L. 
in Batavia itself, had bred them from larvae both kinds of which lived on the coco palm, and had made good dra¬ 
wings of the earlier stages. Among the other javan species of Elymnias, the larvae of panthera, which lives 
on the foliage of several palms, has often been found in Hill tracts and bred up, but there are no drawings of it. 
I have three $ forms from Sukabumi; a) with light green, b) with dark green (like Cramer’s figure) and c) with 
blue green internerval striae on the forewing. Of form a there is in my collection one hermaphrodite, left $, right 
abdomen West Java, nesaea comes much nearer to the north indian timandra than to laisides, lioneli and 
hypereides of the remaining macromalayan region, just as E. casiphone and E. hypermnestra L. are more analogous 
hermia. to the vicarious north-indian forms than to those of the neighbouring macromalayan islands. - — hermia Fruhst. 
Usually smaller than the west-javan, wings more rounded, tails more obtuse. Internerval striae in $ lighter 
grey. $ cell lighter, more yellowish than green powdered, distal border red-brown instead of black, the black 
streaks along the veins very narrow. Lower surface paler, the red-brown spots on the <$<$ evenly distributed. 
In the strikingly pale the brown marks disappear almost completely, especially on the hindwings. hermia 
has thus all the characters of a species inhabiting a region of little rain fall. East Java, around Lawang, a. 
baweana. 2000 feet. - — baweana Hag. is the characteristic butterfly of the Island Bawean and appears to occur in enormous 
numbers, as it is included in every parcel which reaches Europe from thence, and my collector, who was working 
on Bawean in Oct. Nov. 1904, took several hundred pairs. <§ and $ are characterized by the unusually broad, 
black, sharply defined distal border on all wings, and, especially in the $, by the very broad markings along 
the veins, which displace the internerval grey streaks to such an extent, that they remain distinct on the sub¬ 
median only, become obsolete in the median portion of the wing and entirely disappear towards the apex. Ba- 
vordermani. wean. — vordermani Snell. In this race insular melanism is even more pronounced than in baweana, since the 
transverse striae of the forewing disappear entirely and the black colouring invades the hindwing, on which of 
the original ground colour only large greenish grey submarginal spots remain; the lower surface is also much 
darker than in baweana. Snellen compares vordermani with esaca Westw., but also refers casually to its relationship 
with (lais) nesaea ; moreover he makes lais occur on Kangean together with vordermani. 1 suspect, that Snellen 
certainly mistakes the $$ of an island race closely allied to casiphone, Hbn. for “ lais ”, since, as I believe, 
,,lais“ (recte nesaea) is represented on Kangean by vordermani, and two subspecies of one species cannot occur 
on one small island. If nesaea really exists on Kangean, then vordermani must be acknowledged as a species, 
and a name will be required for the Kangean race of nesaea. Kangean Island. 
casiphoni- E. casiplionides Semp. (88 a), casiphonides varies from the indo-australian casiphone type especially 
cles - in being monomorphic instead of dimorphic, so that the wears the same dress as the very light Semper, 
who was at first acquainted with the $ only, connects this species with casiphone Hbn.-, Butler, (Trans. Ent. 
Soc. 1870 p. 488) on the contrary, compares the $ much more correctly with timandra Wall. the fact is, 
that casiphonides only resembles casiphone in the colouring of the upper surface, whereas the larger, more irre¬ 
gular black marking on the underside distinctly proclaims closer relationship with the nesaea (lais) group. The 
connection with nesaea is also shown in the $ by the strikingly curved lower discocellular of the hindwing, a 
trustworthy structural character, which is equally prominent only in ceryx Bsd. Mindanao, Flies in April and 
May. 
