382 
ELYMNIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
illustrated; in the east-javan these are uncommon. In general it may be said, that alumna presents resemblances 
to Euploea mazares Moore, and that almuna $<$ have the hindwing more variable than in casiphone <$<$, for 
there are some without a trace of a submarginal band, and others with a yellow-brown band, then again 
transitions with white decoration (leaning towards praetextata Fruhst. $3 (88 a) from Lombok). The markings 
on the forewings vary from white to light steel blue, whereas in casiphone from West Java there is only an increase 
or decrease in the white markings on the disc. In the former case the median spots coalesce with the submar¬ 
ginal and thus form rudiments of those internerval streaks which are peculiar to the $. I have casiphone 
from Sukabumi, West Java, where it goes up to 600 m and alumna from the chalk hills south from Malang 
djilantik. in East Java at 500 m and on the spurs of the volcanic Tengger hills where it sent up to 800 m. ■— djilantik 
Mart, conies near to alumna from East Java. The blue gloss on the apical half of the forewings is retained; 
there are no longer any discal white spots on the upper surface, on the distal margin of the forewings there 
is an outwardly convex series of 6 blue, white centred dots, of which the 3 upper are larger and with large 
white centres. The white dots on the disc of the underside in the upper wing remain, but are less prominent 
than in casiphone casiphone. The yellow-grey submarginal band on the upper surface of the hindwing in only 
slightly indicated, less than in the typical casiphone, there is no yellow colouring on the veins inwards; the black 
pubescence on the upper surface of the hindwing downwards from the main median nervure is much stronger 
and more bushy than in all my specimens of casiphone', The lower surface of the hindwing does not show any 
difference. Described from 2 $$ taken by Dr. Martin’s Javanese collector Saimun in August 1906, on Bali 
near Boeleleng. — Elymnias casiphone praetextata Fruhst. from the neighbouring island of Lombok is naturally 
also very closely related, but may be at once distinguished by the red-brown apical border, especially mentioned 
by the author; also in praetextata the “obsolete” submarginal row of spots on the upper surface of the hind 
praetextata. wing is narrower than in casiphone (Martin). - — praetextata Fr. (88 a). A well defined geographical race, 
characterized by the rounder wings and more prominent pure white, but deeper violet bounded spots on the 
forewing, especially also by the greatly darkened * n which all wings assume a deep brown colour, which 
entirely conceals the greyish white striation except for a few rudiments on the hind wing. On the under 
surface also the influence of the eastwardly increasing insular melanism is clearly expressed; the whitish 
admixture is wanting and is replaced by brown-yellow, so that praetextata appears on the underside just as 
fully brown as the Javanese kamara $. Lombok, up to about 700 m, in the vicinity of human dwellings in 
palm groves. The absence of casiphone from Sumatra is remarkable, but nesaea $, which can scarcely be separa¬ 
ted from casiphone $$ from West Java, occurs there. 
E. kamara. In 1907 I thought myself justified in considering this to be merely a form of casiphone, 
but Dr. Martin drew attention to the fact, that kamara inhabits a more circumscribed district than casiphone', 
thus, for instance, no form of kamara is known from the Malay Peninsula, where casiphone is represented by 
saueri, further, in North-east Sumatra we find kamara erinyes Nicev. but no casiphone, and last but not least, 
the javan kamara has quite different irridescent interference colour to casiphone, namely a dark lilac, other¬ 
wise found only in the genus Terinos. But a not unimportant difference in the clasping organs, which I am 
only now able to confirm, is decisive for separation at the present time. The clasps of the kamara uncus are more 
robust, longer, anteriorly stouter. The valve is basally unusually explanate, suddenly narrowed towards the 
middle and produced into a sharp point, whereas the casiphone valve is dorsally scarcely constricted and 
distally almost to be called roundish. The lateral raised margin is less regidar, centrally broader, 
anteriorly dorsally excised like a scalpel. Further, from Sumatra to Lombok, kamara is represented 
by an unbroken chain of insular races, while casiphone first occurs in West Java; on the other hand 
kamara has no representative on the continent. On Lombok kamara flies side by side with casiphone, 
erinyes. but in Java it is more confined to the higher altitudes. -— erinyes Nicev., only known to me from the author’s 
figure, has like all kamara races, uniform brown forewings, without any violet tinge. Hindwing of <$<$ whitish 
with brown scaling along the nervures. Very similar to kamara, (87 e), but the white less prominent. $ duller 
and more faded brown. Hindwing with more even, but duller yellow streaks in the interspaces. North-east 
kamara. Sumatra, very scarce in the woods of the plains and promontories, only a few specimens yet taken. — kamara 
Moore (87 e), the javanese dwarf race, $ as a rule with the interspaces broken up and enclosing a row of roun- 
pareuploea dish, black submarginal spots. The figured specimen, belongs to a rare individual aberration pareuploea form. 
nov. from its resemblance to Euploea sepulchralis and terissa. The $ varies in three directions; l) $ simi¬ 
lar to the db but submarginal, yellowish spots always present on the forewings, liindwings with rather 
more extensive yellow-brown streaks; 2) ? analogue of pareuploea $ with almost whitish submarginal area 
on the liindwings, bearing scarcely any trace of brown scales; 3) $ joins on to the east-javan casiphone 
pseuda- with elongate white, even slightly violet glossed distal striae on the forewing on pale brown ground (pseudalumna 
lumna. j orm nov y Under surface of all forms of casiphone recognizable by the more black-brown coloration of the 
forewings, and the absence of white admixture from the liindwings of the $$. West and East Java, partly 
exclusa. together with, partly at higher altitudes than casiphone, rising to about 1000 m. — exclusa Nicev, discovered 
by Doherty, a great rarity in the island of Bali. Only hitherto taken; their melanic colouring is especially 
denoted by the reduction of the striae in the liindwings, which have only a submarginal band like that of prae- 
