386 
ELYMNIAS. By H. Ffuhstoreer. 
the costal margin is narrower than in hicetas, whitish, in some specimens almost pure white, and does not 
cover the apex of the wings. As in cumaea. the spots on the lower surface often show through onto the 
upper, in both fore-and hindwings. On the lower surface bornemanni approaches very close to liicetas in the 
wavy white markings, but the wavy lines being much fewer, the whole appearance is much darker; the fore¬ 
wings are much paler towards the apical angle than any of the allied species. The white spots on the under¬ 
side of the hindwings are placed similarly to those in cumaea , but are much smaller, especially the upper mar¬ 
ginal spot. The spots on the forewing, which are sharply defined in cuinaea, but wanting in hicetas, are pre¬ 
sent but inconspicuous in bornemanni. The $ is entirely different from hicetas, coming near to cumaea. The 
white marking of the forewings starting from the costal margin, stands nearer to the apex of the wings, as in 
cumaea, in contrast to hicetas, but leaves the apex more broadly black than in cumaea. Along the distal mar¬ 
gin it is clearly defined as far as the submedian, leaving the border black. The hindwings also deviate 
in their markings greatly from the two above named species. A bluish white band runs from the costal mar¬ 
gin as far as the submedian, parallel with the terminal margin, of which 5—6 mm is left black; the 
strongly prominent white spots which cumaea bears in place of this band, are seen only slightly in bornemanni 
in the internervular spaces on the band. The whole upper surface of the 99 has very strong violet iridescence. 
The underside recalls cumaea, but the spots have disappeared entirely in the forewings and partly in the 
hindwings, one can also clearly recognize the presence of the band on the upper surface by the lighter colou¬ 
ring towards the costal margin of the forewings. The subapical bar of the forewings is narrower, and thus 
appears placed more inward, its colour and that of the distal band on the hindwings is a dazzling whitish 
blue. Apical area of the forewing more richly white marked than in the celebean forms of cumaea, approaching 
phrikonis Fruhst. Median area of forevving almost black, even less marked than in phrikonis. Hindwing with 
7 prominent white submarginal spots on the underside, which are scarcely visible in the celeban cumaea. $ with 
broad white submarginal bands, with a general resemblance to thyone 9 (89 b). Bangkai Island, appa- 
■phrikonis. rently scarce. — phrikonis Fruhst. (89 a). The distal margin of this melanotic island race is obsoletely 
greenish, greygreen towards the apex of forewings. The ciliae purer white than in cumaea. Wings rounder. 
Under surface; the apical region of the forewings and the basal margin of the hindwings more richly white 
marked than in cumaea. Hindwings similar to bornemanni, with 6—7 white dots. Ground colom’ darker 
relidna. brown-black than in bornemanni. Sula-Mangoli. — relieina Fruhst. (89 a). The apical border of the forewing 
appears more extensively grey-green on the upper, more richly white marked on the lower surface. The sub¬ 
marginal spots on the under surface of the hindwings rather more prominent, and in one $ they are repea¬ 
ted on the upper side. Sula-Besi. 
sangira. E. sangira Fruhst. (89 a) diverges to such an extent from the cumaea type, that I am in doubt as to 
whether it can pass as a local race, or is a species, differing from cumaea in the more pointed form of the wings 
and the red-brown under surface. A pure white, triangular subapical area on the lower surface of the forewings 
is very striking. The $ has a greenish costal margin and apex on the upperside of the forewings, and a 
strongly curved, white submarginal band, which extends to the anal angle of the forewings. 
The velvet blue E. mima!on the beauty of which species has been already noted by Dr. Staudinger 
occurs more frequently than cumaea. in North Celebes. Even if the splendour of its interference colours places 
mimalon somewhat apart from the other celebean Elymnias, it nevertheless bears on the upper surface of both 
wings a distinct pale silvery blue marginal band, which proclains its connection with the fauna of Celebes, since 
there is a similar band on each of the other species. It is, without doubt, a highly interesting fact, that 
the $<$ of the four species on Celebes have exactly the same general outline of markings, the result of unusu¬ 
ally powerful homoeogenetic influences operating in that region. The mimalon 99 > which still show strong 
traces of the blue ornamentation of the <§<§ — they are the bluest of all the celebean 99 — are distinguished 
from cumaea 9 by the broader, bluish violet, subapical and submarginal band, often broken up into spots, 
which is more sharply defined in cumaea, and more conspicuously entire ; besides this, the mimalon 9 has almost 
always on the upper surface of the hindwings some white ocelli, which are entirely absent from cumaea, the latter, 
on the other hand, has a strongly developed costal triangle on the lower surface of the forewings, which one 
mimalon. seeks in vain in mimalon $ and 9 - There are two local races on the island; mimalon Hew. (89 c). above 
uniform dark blue, 9 brown with slight violet gloss; both sexes without white spots on the hindwings above 
ino. or below; in ino Fruhst., probably the dry season form, the <$ has on the upper surface a greenish subapical 
band, and on the lower a submarginal series of white spots (Central Celebes, Tawaya, August-September). 
leucostig- — leucostigmata Fruhst. Hindwings brown, with a submarginal series of very large bluish white marks on both 
thyone s ^ es • Toli-Toli, Nov.-Dee. — forma thyone Fruhst. (89 b). This 9 form is so greatly differentiated from 
the 9 forma typica by the rounded shape of the wings, that I at first regarded it as a separate species and de- 
scribed it as follows; “In size thyone is nearest to the 9 °f cumaea phrikonis Fruhst. from the Sula 
Islands. “The ground colour of all the wings is dark blue violet, with the exception of the black apical area 
and the pale violet, white streaked marginal band. In the subapical area are two' large white 
spots, bordered with a light bluish tinge. On the hindwings are 5 white dots, of which the uppermost, 
between the subcostal and the radial is the largest. These white spots are also furnished with a beautiful 
