ELYMNIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
389 
marginal spots on the under surface of the forewings stand in a straight line one under the other, whereas 
in vitellia three are moved convexly inwards. On the hindwings in obiana these spots are placed near the mar¬ 
ginal border, in vitellia they are almost in the middle of the wing, therefore proximal. Obi, not uncom¬ 
mon. — A form described as adumbrata Fruhst. is rather smaller than cybele, forewing black, without blue adumbrata. 
tinged apical portion. The white spotting on the underside more prominent than in cybele, the subterminal 
area less richly sprinkled with white. Boru and Amboina are named as its habitat, but this is almost certainly 
due to an error on the part of english dealers, from whom I obtained the three specimens in my collection. Fur¬ 
ther east, in the Bismarck Archipelago, we meet with cybele again in a much purer form as holofernes Btlr. In holofernes. 
the colour and disposition of the submarginal spots it closely follows the cybele type, only that both $ and $ 
have two tiny, but very constant white dots near the apex of the forewing. The holofernes $ is similar to the 
rj\ but paler, there is often a third subapical dot on the forewing , while the ocelli on the under surface 
are larger and more distinct. If we do not place thyrallis and holofernes as subspecies of cybele, then we must 
at least make holofernes a subspecies of thryallis. Further, since we do not at present know of any Elymnias 
from the Solomon Archipelago nor fron the more distant islands of the South Seas, we have in holofernes the 
most easterly, and certainly most melanotic representative of the genus — an inconspicuous and not very 
beautiful insect, thryallis Kirsch on the other band, has been so essentially modified, that it was considered 
by its author, and later also by myself, as a separate species. The $ of thryallis, with its now bluish, now 
bronze green marginal band on both wings, shows a reversion to the Celebes forms, but has the subapical spots 
of holofernes-, the under surface has ocellus-like white submarginal spots in the typical cybele arrangement. We 
have already seen in cybele pale, red-brown whose appearance resembles the Euploea type of usipetes Heiv. 
or confusus Btlr. and this livery is the rule with the $$ of thryallis Kirsch, which is described from one of these 
pale females. In contrast to the sister races, thryallis inclines extremely to individual variation. Especially 
among the $$ no specimen is the same as any other. The resemblance of the $$ f° Euploeae is so deceptive, 
that Staudinger placed one of the commonest $ forms, as figured by us, in his collection of Euploeas, as Eu¬ 
ploea nov. spec, near usipetes Hew., after another great and celebrated entomologist had identfied it as Eu¬ 
ploea usipetes $. — thryallis Kirsch, the name type from the island of Mysore, is only known in the $ sex, thryallis. 
and rather darker than glauconia Stgr. (88 e) which is now so frequently received in Europe, and of which there glaucoma. 
are two aberrations, like the figure, and specimens with luxuriant green colouring on the distal margin (chloera chloera. 
Stgr.). No less than five main forms of the $ must be mentioned, namely 1. $$ with unicolorous brown upper 
surface and very small submarginal spots (= brunnescens form, nov.)-, 2. $9 with whitish violet lighter tinge brunnes- 
on the disc of the forew'ings, inclining towards Euploea confusa Btlr. as it occurs on Waigiu only (= violacea ce - n j‘ ccr 
form, nov.)-, 3. with red or yellow-brown disc (88 e) nearest to the name type and a pronounced mimic 
of the rare New Guinea Eupl. confusa catana Fruhst. ; 4. with very large white and violet submarginal mar¬ 
kings, broad, broAvn-yellow anal margin on the forewings and distally lighter hindwings, somewhat like Sal¬ 
pinx nemertes fa. sexguttata:; — finally 5. as very rare pseudosalpinx form. nov. $$ with white subapical spots pseudo- 
ow the forewings and distally paler yellowish marginal area on all wings; certainly a parallel form to Eupl. sal P inx - 
zurianassa terentilia Fruhst. and therefore indicated as terentilina form. nov. , terentilina. 
E. vitellia, one of the commonest butterflies in the South Moluccas, is split up into three local races, 
vitellia Cr. (88 d) inhabits Amboina, Saparua, and other Uliassa Islands. A form is named basium Fruhst ; vitellia. 
forewings with four large light violet white centred subapical spots, placed one under another, hindwings with basium. 
3 whitish circumcellular dots. Under surface more sparsely white marked than in the normal specimens from 
Ceram and Amboina. ceramensis Mart, an insular race with a more stately shape of the wings than the name ceramensis. 
type, has usually only tAvo subapical spots, which are duller than in vitellia Erf and not white centred. The 
$9 are unicolorous brown without subapical bar, but with a lighter marginal zone on both wings. A secondary 
form of the is known, suavium Fruhst., forewings with enlarged violet apical spot and 2 transcellular blue suavium. 
dots. Hindwings with a blue streak between the lower radial and the anterior median. Ceram. — viminalis Wall., viminalis. 
from Buru Island, appears to be very rare and I have no specimen of it. Wallace knew only one $, which dif¬ 
fers from vitellia in the striking yellowish bordering of all the wings. Even the has a pale distal margin. 
E. papua Wall., a small, elegant species from Dutch NeAv Guinea and Waigiu. £ dark purple black papua. 
above, the hindwings paler toAvards the terminal margin, but with a few pale inconspicuous ochre spots in the 
middle. Beneath velvet brown with pale margins, hindwings Avith 3 round blue-white spots. — lactentia Fruhst. ladentia. 
(90 b, as papua £). ^ Forewings dark brown with light brown distal margin, which commences at the base, 
remains rather narrow to the apex, and then widens slightly as far as the anal angle. Hindwings only basally 
dark broAvn Avith with a broad paler submarginal region; the actual distal margin is somewhat broadly black. 
Under surface; costal margin of forewings dark brown, distal margin of both wings also dark broAvn; fore- 
and hindwings with 3 large Avhite spots, lying between the 2nd subcostal and the upper median. A narrow 
area between the anterior radial and the submedian is closely white striated. Scape light brown, club dark 
