392 
ZETHERA. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
to Delias pasithoe L. The $ differs from the figured in the more extended green-blue streaks on the forewing 
and the reduced grey-black distal border. Sikkim, rare in the hot valleys from June to October, up to about 
iliycana. 2000 feet, and then again high up at 4000 — 6000 feet, higher than other species of Delias. thycana Wall. 
(90 b, c) a type of $ differing from vasudeva in more broadly black bordered nervures and reduced whitish sub- 
deva. apical spots. The forewing is also darker beneath, and more extensively striated with black. deva Moore 
is a dry season form, which differs greatly from the same brood in Sikkim, and, to judge by Moores figure, 
has broad greenish yellow interspaces on the forewing and entirely yellow hindwings, and in the $ the fore¬ 
wing is almost entirely white-blue, traversed by only narrowly black bordered nervures. Assam, very scarce. 
burmensis. - burmensis Moore, has the forewings in the $ more streaked with green, in the 99 they are crossed by a con¬ 
fluent black median band. $ under surface without the rich claret coloured subbasal spot on the underside 
of the forewings, which is sometimes wanting even in 99 from Assam. In Upper Burma in February, in Upper 
oberthixri. Tenasserim in January, at Tavoy in March, and ascending to 5000 feet. oberthuri Fruhst. Stands about 
halfway between godfreyi Dist (= esaca Westw.) and thycana Wall. Wings somewhat more rounded than in 
thycana, and with darker black borders. The black striation on the underside finer and closer than in the speci¬ 
mens from Assam. The red basal spot on the underside of the hinclwing smaller than in godferyi Dist. Renong, 
Siamese Malay States, 1 $ taken by Doherty. Type in Coll. Orerthur. 
E. esaca is a species in which the $ differs essentially from vasudeva in the black-blue upper surface 
and broad blue or greenish submarginal markings on all the wings, yet the $ approaches vasydeva $ to such 
an extent, that, for instance, in the race from the Malay Peninsula there was considerable doubt as to which 
andersoni. species could claim the only 9 ( godferyi Dist) known from thence. - andersoni Moore is a particularly lovely 
form with broad green distal border to the hindwings; only 1 $ known, which is deceptively like an Euthalia. 
esaca. - esaca Westw. (= Godferyi, Dist. esacoides Nicev. $) of which only one $ is known, from Sungei-Ujong, is 
like a diminutive, much darkened local form of vasudeva Moore with strikingly extended red basal spot on the 
underside and broad black distal border on the upper surface of the hindwings. The habitat of the <$ was for- 
pseudo- merly given as Assam and Borneo, but must be sought in Penang or Perak. pseudodelias, Fruhst. extremely 
deltas. rare j n the woods of the plains, spurs and hills; Dr. Martin only obtained 5 specimens in his long residence. 
The $ has a hair tuft on the hindwing, which has also on the underside near costa and base a well developed 
leoniina. ocellus. The 9 is still unknown. Flies in February, August and December, North-east Sumatra. — leontina 
.Fruhst. comes from Nias Island; <$ easily distinguished from all its allies by the scarcely recognizable grey- 
green distal border of the hindwings and the very narrow submarginal spots on the forewing. An allied form 
taeniola. flies on Palo-Tello in the Batu Island. — taeniola Fruhst. Green-grey submarginal spots on the forewing much 
broader. Hindwing basally more extensively and darker blue-green scaled. Black distal margin anally much broa¬ 
dened and the yellow median area thus greatly contracted. Undersurface; All the black eye-spots three times 
as large as in horneensis, as Staudinger has drawn it, the red basal spot on the hindwings obsolete; instead of the 
broad light yellow median zone of horneensis, taeniola has a narrow median band, the upper part of which is 
bomeensis. pure white, the lower, shorter part dark yellow. Southeast Borneo. borneensis Wall, differs from taeniola 
in the darker blue-green submarginal spots on all wings. 9 underside with the yellow median area twice as 
egialina. broad. Very scarce, North Borneo, Kina-Balu district. egialina Fldr., known to me only from the figures 
georgi. of Felders and Sempers, inhabits Luzon. — georgi Fruhst. <$. Apical area of the forewing lighter beneath, 
the submarginal spots on the hindwing smaller. Upper surface; darker, distal markings reduced, less whitish. 
Hindwing with only 3 median marginal spots (instead of 6) which all appear much smaller than in the Luzon 
Mindanao. 
maheswara. E. maheswara Fruhst. (90 b). 1 hesitate to pass as a “species”, it being, in fact nothing more than the 
Javanese sister of esaca from the macromalayan district. Yet until transition forms are discovered (possibly 
in Sumatra) maheswara must stand as a species, in consequence of its larger size, the shading of the under sur¬ 
face of all the wings, more recalling nesaea, L. and the absence of the apical ocelli on the underside of the fore¬ 
wings. The ES have a more obtuse, the 99 a more elongate wing and the submarginal streaks on the upper 
sm’face of the forewing of the 99 approach more closely to the distal margin. West Java, Vulcan Gede, about 
5000 above sea level. 
Genus: Z ether a Fldr. 
This remarkable genus varies in so many points and so greatly from the other Satyridae, that Felder 
even placed it among the Nymphalidae, probably deceived by the longer antennae. We place it here, at the 
end of the Satyridae, because of the finer posterior discocellulars of the hindwing, which is in itself a transition 
towards the Nymphalidae, in which the closing of the cell is only merely indicated, if not entirely wanting, 
but especially because of the highly developed clasping organs, the luxuriant formation of which has no analogue 
among the Satyridae. The uncus is almost normal, medially strongly incrassate with two comparatively short 
lateral points. The valve broad, contracted anteriorly, with long scattered setae but with a cunicula recalling 
that of the Ornithoptera. 
