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FAUNIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
1. Group: Uncus without lateral clasps. 
1. Genus: Fsuuiis Hbn. 
This genus, better known under the more modern name of Clerome Westw., includes the most incon¬ 
spicuous species of the family, which are most closely allied to the Satyridae. They are never above medium 
size, and the 11 species which belong here have a brownish, more rarely whitish ground colour on the upper 
surface. The under surface of the hindwing may be spotted, streaked or beautifully ocellate, the forewings 
have sometimes an oblique white or violet band, which alters in breadth and colour with the locality. —- Palpi 
relatively short, with close recumbent scales. Forewing with 2 free subcostal nervules before the apex of the 
cell, structure in general similar to that of Taenaris, but easily distinguished from it in the hindwing by the 
extremely short anterior discocellular. — Egg dark facetted (Doherty). — The have on the upper surface 
of the hindwings a tuft of hair, which rises somewhat basally from the origin of the median vein, and spreads 
out across that vein and over a scent patch placed at the base of the subcostal vein. The butterflies 
inhabit high woods only, fly low and often readily rest on the naked earth or on dry leaves; their flight is 
jerky, light and swift, but rather unsteady, unaccountable. Distribution from Bhutan to Further India and 
South China, the Philippine Archipelago, Macromalayana and Celebes. 
arcesilaus. F. arcesilaus F. described by its author as far back as 1770, from Siam, where I again found the spe¬ 
cies, has the upper surface dark yellow-brown with slight darkening of the apex in the Underside of the 
hindwings with only one curved series of white or yellowish spots, which stand between a median band, 
indistinct in the $$, more broadly drawn in the $$, and a submarginal band. Sometimes the forewings also 
bear 3 — 5 yellowish spots, arcesilaus flies in Siam in January, in Tonkin in June. It is known from Burma 
and Assam, is said to be still common in Bhutan, but of the greatest rarity in Sikkim. Specimens from 
Singapore and Sumatra are scarcely to be separated from the continental arcesilaus , while both sexes from 
Borneo and the Natuna Islands are easily recognized by a striking light ochre-yellow ground colour on the 
bomeensis. upper surface, and a pale grey-brown median area on the underside of the hindwings, hence the name bortie- 
pallidior. ensis Fruhst. may be given to them. —- Another pale form is pallidior Flag, from the Mentawej Islands, which 
differ from the sumatran arcesilaus in their smaller size, and have more distinctly zigzag and more clearly de- 
samadhi. fined bands on the underside. Only two <$<3 are known. ■ —- samadhi Fruhst. is a satellite-island race with the 
upper surface almost reddish yellow, and differs from the neighbouring Nias form in its paler yelloAvish ground 
colour in the C'd' and a distinct, proximal deeply emarginate, brown-black median longitudinal band on the 
nhljjsana. hindwings, as in 'pallidior Hag. ■— najsana Fruhst. (300 b). Upper surface of all wings not reddish yellow 
as in arcesilaus from the continent and Java, but dull dark brown-red. Underside; basal area of all wings 
darker, outer half lighter than in arcesilaus, the black median band as broad again. The yellow spotting is 
not surrounded by a brown shadow, as in the other arcesilaus, and is thus more distinctly defined against the 
brown background. Not rare on Nias and easily recognized by the dull dark brown upper surface of the 
canens. §§. - — - canens Hbn. (= leonteus Zink.) is by far the best marked local form and the $$ from the west of 
Java are the largest of the collective species. Both sexes differ from the continental race in a distinct, be¬ 
autiful yellow colouring of the median area on the upper surface of all wings, which are remarkably broadly 
brown-black bordered in the $$. The underside, on the contrary, is almost unmarked, the black bands are 
diffused and the yellow dots very indistinct. Throughout Java, from the coast up to 600 m. —- Specimens 
from East Java are smaller and rather darker than those from the Preanger Principal ies in the West of the 
Island. I suspect, that this, or a similar form occurs on Bali also, where Doherty discovered] a race of 
arcesilaus. 
kirata. F. kirata Nicev. (100 b). Originally described from Perak and South-east Borneo, but subsequently 
found on Sumatra also; differs from arcesilaus in the more quadrate, instead of round outline of the forewings, 
the more even and darker red-brown ground colour. The under surface of the is chiefly black, in place 
of rufescent; the $$ are grey with darker wavy longitudinal bands, of which the central one is unusually broad. 
According to Doherty the clasping organs are also widely differentiated. 
(jracilis. F. gracilis Btlr. (100 b) has the same distribution as kirata, that is to say, Macromalaya excepting 
Java. As a rule rather smaller than kirata and the upper surface more uniform and lighter red-brown than 
in arcesilaus ; it can be recognized on the underside by a black longitudinal band crossing the forewing, wdiile 
the hindwings bear a small apical, and a larger anal eye-spot, with yellow centre and yelloAV ringed. Bet- 
Aveen these ocelli there are three yellowish dots and the forewings sIioav a series of four dots above the very 
small ocellus between the submedian and the loAVer median, which is sometimes wanting. 
stomphax. F. stomphax Westw. (100 b) like arcesilaus but with the upper surface a rather deeper red-brown; the 
ocelli on the underside are sometimes rather larger than those figured, AA r liereas the white-violet band on the 
forewings is frequently considerable contracted (sometimes there are only thread-like rudiments of it, and 
besa. not imcommonly it disappears altogether), besa Hew. is founded on specimens of the last form. This appears 
to be restricted to North Borneo, whereas stomphax occurs not only in the Kina-Balu district, but also in South- 
