FAUN IS. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
405 
east Borneo and even almost unaltered from West Sumatra, and Snellen received it from Billiton. — plateni ylaieni. 
Stgr. is an island race with pale underside, and in which the anterior ocellus on the underside of the hindwings 
is wanting and the longitudinal bands have begun to fade away. Palawan, scarce. 
F. phaon first received from Manila, is distributed over all the northern and central Philippines, is 
subject to local variation and apparently very susceptible to climatic influences, since both Semper and Stau- 
dinger mention specimens with normal, as well as with greatly reduced ocelli on the underside of the hind- 
wings, which latter belong to the dry season and are known as microps Stgr. As a rule phaon surpasses arce- 
silaus in size and varies in the colouring of the upper surface according to its island home, phaon Er., the 
name-type from Luzon, has the upperside dark leather-brown and the eye-spots on the underside of the hind- 
wings ringed with dark grey. -—- In ikonion Fruhst. a geographical race form an uncertain locality, the colou¬ 
ring alters to a light red-brown, similar to arcesilaus, and in the $$ from the Guimaras we have a repetition 
of a phenomenon to which attention has already been drawn under Culapa ; namely the domination of an ex¬ 
tremely bright light ochre-yellow colour, so that in large series of phaon such specimens are at once noticed, 
and have been separated under the name of earfinia subsp. nov. Type in the Coll. Semper in the Senckenberg 
Museum at Frankfurt a. M. — lurid a Fldr. is another extreme of colouring of a whitish grey tone, further cha¬ 
racterized by the lighter ground colour, smaller ocelli and more angulated dark central line on the underside. 
Semper mentions, that in lurida and plmon also the forewings sometimes bear small ocelli. 
F. leucis Fldr. (100 a) replaces phaon in the southern Philippines. It is remarkable from the satin- leucis. 
like gloss on the whitish basal area of the hindwing. But since the underside shows no other difference from 
phaon than that of rather smaller ocelli, the discovery of further insular intermediate stages will probably 
cause it to united to phaon as a subspecies. Semper states, that the secondary ocelli on the under surface 
of the forewing appear more frequently than in phaon, also that the $ has sometimes a whitish bordering to 
the dark median line. Throughout Mindanao from April to June, onBazilan in February-March according 
to the SS hi my collection, collected by Doherty. 
On Sangir and in the celebean subregion we find phaon replaced by F. menado which is already divided 
into four local forms on the main island of Celebes. —- menado Hew. the name type, originating, as the name menado. 
indicates, from the neighbourhood of Menado in Minahassa (North Celebes). Ground colour, as in all other 
forms on the main island, light ochre-yellow with slightly darker apex to the forewings in the $$. Underside 
in the Jc? more or less dark grey-black, the black eye-spots yellow ringed. $ basally dark, outwardly yellow¬ 
ish grey. Forewing of Uc? with a rudimentary whitish violet band, which is more distinct in the $$ and has 
sometimes a yellowish prolongation in the middle of the wing. Minahassa and Toli-Toli, where I found the 
species on banana refuse commonly in November and December. —• In Central Celebes at Donggala in Palos- 
Bay, Doherty found a decidedly dry season form in August, which I introduce as zenica form. nov. in which zenica. 
both sexes are lighter on the underside and have smaller ocelli, on the other hand, the whitish oblique band 
on the forewings is considerably broader and the brown submarginal band on the hindwings is usually more 
dentate. -— pleonasma Rob. is an interesting and well marked race of the eastern Celebes, from Tombugo and pleonasma. 
Kendari in my collection. Both sexes are decidedly paler on the underside than even zenica, the oblique 
bar on the forewing is yellowish throughout in the $$, the ocelli on the hindwings are larger than in menado 
and the brown longitudinal bands stand out much more sharply against the pale background. The apical 
eye-spot on the underside of the forewing, which is always wanting in zenica and seldom present in menado, 
is always distinct, forming a transition to chitone Hew., which is founded upon specimens collected by Wal- chitone. 
lace near Macassar in South Celebes. The iq>per surface is paler than in the before mentioned races, hence 
the dark apical marking of the $$ is in greater contrast. Under surface of forewings with a very distinct, 
although sometimes interrupted violet-white subapical band. —■ fruhstorferi Rob. (100 a) denotes a mountain fruhstorferi. 
form from the eastern South Celebes, which inhabits the Peak of Bonthain at heights of 3-—5000 feet. The 
oblique bar in the much broadened, never interrupted; all ocelli, especially the apical eye-spot on the fore¬ 
wing, very distinct, the brown submarginal lines on all wings more marked than in Hewitson’s local races. 
— intermedia Rob. is a form from the Bangkai Island, which is rather smaller than pleonasma, of which it re- intermedia. 
presents an extreme form, with the underside still more bleached, and with smaller ocelli. —- syllus subsp. nov. syllus. 
comes from Sangir, and according to the type in Stattdinger’s collection in the Berlin Museum stands nearest 
to menado Hew., but the upper surface is more intensely and evenly coloured, also more redyellow. The dark 
apical tint of the $$ is less distinct and the anterior ocelli on the underside of the hindwing always smaller 
than in menado. ■ —- suluana Fruhst. must be described as the darkest extreme of the collective species. The suluana. 
upper surface is a deep red-brown, as in phaon ikonion Fruhst. (100 a) from the Philippines; the underside 
but little lighter, with a slight admixture of yellowish. The median lines closer, the eye-spots very large, 
dark yellow ringed. The oblique bar on the forewings is dark violet, not whitish blue as in menado, and 
before the apex there is a large, black, white centred eye-spot,- analogous to pleonasma Rob. The brown-black 
median band on the hindwings is more strongly angulated than in chitone. $ expanse 39 mm. Sala-Mangoli, 
October-November, taken by Doherty. 
microps. 
phaon. 
ikonion. 
earfinia. 
lurida. 
