TAENARIS. By H. Fruiistorfer. 
411 
flight and hastily seek concealment in the bushes. In West Java horsfieldi is found in the Jampangs south of 
Sukabumi, up to about 600 m, and in the Bay of Palabuan. - — - birchi Dist. is a very interesting, strongly birchi. 
modified race, without the black border to the distal part of the underside of hindwing, so that the eye spots 
stand cjuite free on a white ground. On the upper surface the light anal area is more extended. Only one speci¬ 
men is known, taken in the streets of Singapore, having most likely come over in one of the ships, probably 
from Borneo, since occulta 6m. described from North Borneo, does not differ from birchi in any essential character, occulta. A- 
as far as I can tell from Distant’s figure, occulta is not uncommon in North Borneo; the 66 have a rather 
paler liair-tuft on the hindwings than in the Javanese horsfiedli, the black ocelli are smaller, the ochre-yellow 
area decidedly more extended. — In plateni Stgr. (100 c) the pattern of the horsfieldi markings is repeated, plateni. 
only that the hind wings are more extensively white and on the underside of the forewings the median area also 
begins to become paler. The ocelli are of ecjual size, rather smaller than in the Javanese specimens, and 
especially in the $ the yellow rings are almost imperceptible. Palawan, Flies in January, not very un¬ 
common. 
T. urania, the first representative of the genus received in Europe, is one of the commonest species 
in the South Moluccas. Linnaeus, Fabricius andCRAMER all incorrectly placed its habitat in East India, and it 
was not until 1823 that Godart rightly restricted it to the Island of Amboina, whence Linnaeus received very 
many butterflies. But to transpose the locality of the Linnean name-type to Ceram, as was done by Stichel 
in 1906, is simply absurd. ■— - urania falls into three sharply defined insular races, of which urania L. inhabits urania. 
Amboina and the Uliassa. Cramer was already accjuainted with an ocellar variation, namely that with broadly 
diffused anal ocellus, and at the same time the lightest $ colouring, specimens, that is, with distinct transcel- 
lular oblique band on the forewings, which he named and figured as jaira Cr. He subsequently figured under jaira. 
the same name also darker, normal 66 and $$, without the whitish lightening on the dark slate-coloured 
forewings, and with white median area on the underside of the hindwings. — Another rare melanotic variety 
of colouring is named nox Ky. in which the white disc on the hindwings has disappeared and is overlaid with nox. 
black scales. -—- hollandi Fruhst. is a usually very large race from Buru Island, where the species is someivliat hollandi. 
scarce. It is characterized by dark and broadly ochre-yellow ringed ocelli on the upperside of the hindwings, 
and the more yellowish basal colouring. The whitish median area of the hindwing is more restricted than in 
urania, all the ocelli, but especially the apical eye-spot larger, hollandi has also a greater tendency to the forma¬ 
tion of secondary ocelli than is urania from Amboina, and both my 66 show indications of small ocelli on the under 
surface of the forewing. — pandemos subsp. nov. appears to be smaller than urania ; the anterior eyes on the pandemos. 
hindwings almost always show through, thus forming a transition to the form duplex Stich. in which the costal duplex. 
ocellus show through most distinctly and has on the upper surface also a blue centre and a yellow lunule. The anal 
eye-spots are smaller than in urania, the underside of the hindwings darker and more uniform brown with a vio¬ 
let gloss. The whitish brightening clearer than in form jaira Cr. Ceram, not uncommon. 
T. diana is separated into three island races peculiar to the northern Moluccas, and is easily distinguished 
from the preceecling species by the bipupillate ocellus on the hindwing and may be said to replace the last named 
on the North Moluccas. -— diana Btlr. mentioned from Batjan and Ternate, has chiefly smoke-grey wings, diana. 
with only slight yellowish white lightening in the median area of the forewing in the A- The hindwings have 
comparatively small, distinctly blue centred ocellus, which is surrounded by an extended, and in the $ especially 
sharply defined ring. On the underside the anal ocellus is always posteriorly diffused, and has a much smaller, 
sometimes oblong accessory ocellus. The latter is sometimes incomplete, or in rare case entirely wanting (aber- aberrans. 
rans Stgr.). ■ — - On the Island Halmaheira there is another race leto Fruhst. with somewhat lighter disc on the leto. 
upperside of the forewings in the $$ and strikingly pale median area on the underside; the hindwings are also 
purer white beneath. — Specimens with median accessory ocelli (gemmata Stich.) are not uncommon. —- diadema gemmaia. 
Fruhst. (100 c) is the most albinotic extreme of the collective species; in it the forewings of both 66 and diadema. 
are chiefly yellowish and the light smoke-grey cliscal border on the costal and apical areas much reduced. A ten¬ 
dency to reduction of the anal ocellus is to be noted, and the form aberrans is before me in its purest develop¬ 
ment. Obi Island, apparently not uncommon. 
With T. dimona commences a series of four species, which are distinguished by the blue, not yellow ringed 
eyes on the upper surface of the hindwings, and find convergence appearances in the mimetic $ forms of the genus 
Elymnias, so that the name Elymnotaenaris would be very appropriate to the little group, had not Boisduval already 
founded the “genus Idyades” on one of its species ( bioculatus). All the dimona races have in common wings with 
the upper surface basally white, and distally dark grey bordered, the hindwings having each two blue, slightly 
white centred and black ringed eye-spots ,which are mostly black on the under surface, distinctly white centred 
and with dull yellow framing. In some races the anal eyes are always bipupillate, in others they are only double 
