PM. 25. VIII. 1911. 
STICHOPHTHALMA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
425 
broadly black bordered, hindwings in nourmahal with almost imperceptible, in nurinissa with more distinct 
crescentic subterminal markings. Underside reddish ochre-yellow with two slightly geniculate black longi¬ 
tudinal lines, which are accompanied by a whitish lighter area. Forewings with two, hindwings with 3 
ocelli, between which there are sometimes accessory incomplete ocelli. 
S. lieumogeni Leech (Vol. I, p. 156, PI. 49 b) is an allied species from western China, which is collec- neumogeni. 
ted in some numbers by Missionaries in Siao-Lou and Tien-Tsuen. In it we find first the ornamental arrow¬ 
head marking on all wings, which is the characteristic of all the following species. 
S. liowqua inhabits subtropical China, with offshoots to Formosa and Tonkin, howqua Westw. (Vol. I, howqua. 
PI. 49 a), the type of the name, occurs in the vicinity of Ningpo in the Snowy Valley and in some parts of Central 
China, whereas the darker suffusa Leech (Vol. I. PI. 49 a) is one of the commonest members of the butterfly suffusa. 
world in western China at Itchang and on the Omei-shan, and is sent in large numbers to Europe, — formosana Fruhst. formosana. 
(103 a) differs from howqua in the shorter and thicker arrows on the surface of all wings, and by the larger 
black apical spot, especially in the $. Some $9 have a whitish yellow suffusion beyond the cell in the 
forewing. The underside is brighter red than in the continental specimens, the ocelli more equal in size, 
more complete, and in the $ more distinctly black ringed. Habitat Kanshirei, Chip-Chip and the vicinity of the Le- 
hiku Lake, June and July. Uncus stout, very long, the lateral clasps larger than in 8. camadeva Westw. Valve 
without basal emargination, almost straight, saccus and penis very broad. — tonkiniana Fruhst. (103 a). Most tonkiniana. 
closely allied to howqua Westw. and howqua suff usa Leech and distinguished from the latter by its much greater 
size. The colour of the upper surface in suffusa is light yellow-brown, in tonkiniana always dark red-brown 
In tonkiniana all the wings appear to be much more broadly bordered with a deeper black, and the base 
of the wings is not yellowish brown, but dark brown, like the upper part of the body. Herein tonkiniana differs 
also from howqua sparta Nicev. from Manipur. On the underside my Tonkin specimens differ, especially in the 
by the moss-or grey-green suffusion on all wings, which is wanting in Chinese specimens and in sparta. 
The cellular and cliscal bands are twice as broad as in suffusa. Some $$ have only a grey fringe on the 
marginal border of the hindwings, others are broadly grey bordered. One splendid $ aberration (103 a) has 
on the underside of all the wings elongate, instead of round ocelli, which are more than twice as large as in 
normal specimens, with elongate in place of circular white centres, and which touch the elegant black 
arrowheads thrown out from the submarginal band. expanse 74, $$ 85 mm. Than-Moi, North Tonkin, at 
about 1000 m, in June and July. — sparta Nicev. stands very close to tonkiniana Fruhst. but the general sparta. 
colouring is rather ochre than red-brown and the arrowheads in the hindwings are more prominent, because 
they stand free and have rounded points. Only one <$ yet known, from Manipur. 
S. louisa has three geographical races distributed through Further India. The name-type louisa Wood- louisa. 
Mas. comes from Tenasserim, where I met with it at a height of about 600—800 m, in dense bamboo jungles. 
It represents the palest extreme of the species, having an extensive pure white distal area on all wings, from 
which the long pointed black arrowheads stand out sharply. The whole basal region is yellowish in the <$<$, more 
reddish brown in the $$, forewings with whitish discal and subapical zones on the underside, hindwings 
with a white distal median band, usually sharply defined, and ending on the lower median nervule before 
the anal ocellus. Ground colour of the otherwise yellowish, that of the $$ pale washed out greenish 
yellow. Forewings with a series of five, sometimes only punctiform, eye-spots; hindwings with two rather 
more distinct ocelli. -— fruhstorferi Bob. (103 a) from northern Tonkin has a white field on the forewings fruhstorferi. 
only, while on the hindwings the arrowheads are at least occasionally surrounded by indications of a whitish 
or yellowish suffusion. But there are specimens, especially $$, in which the original white on the hindwings 
is replaced by a violet glossed blue-grey. The upperside is basally yellow in the <$$, deep red-brown in 
the $$. The arrowheads narrower, the anteterminal spots more than twice as broad as in louisa. Under surface 
greenish in the also, the white colouring on the median band restricted. Flies in June and July at about 
600 m. — mathilda Janet from the Laos district and southern Tonkin forms an interesting intermediate stage matliilda. 
between the preceeding race and louisa, having the arrowheads, which stand in yellowish area, shaped as in 
louisa. Under surface of a peculiar yellowish, and at the same time moss-green colour, the white central band 
very narrow, duller and glossed with greenish. 
S. cambodia Westw. knoAvn to me only from the figure, published by Hewitson in 1862, is perhaps cambodia. 
also only a still more bleached and discoloured form of louisa, and should this prove to be correct, it must 
take its place as the name-type. In it the white on the forewings is replaced by a proximally blue and distally 
grey-violet suffusion. The arrowheads on the hindwings are extremely elegant and have no connection with 
the wavy anteterminal markings. Habitat Cambodia; only the type in Hewitson’s collection yet arrived in 
Europe. In the delicate violet on the upper surface cambodia forms a transition to 
S. camadeva, of which two, only slightly differing local races have been described. In appearance 
and colour it recalls the south-american Morphidae, only that in it the wings are not blue, but milk-white 
IX 
54 
