426 
AMATHUSIA. By H. Fruhstorfer, 
with a delicate rosey gloss, which deepens into a splendid red-brown at the base of the wings, camadeva 
is readily separated from howqua and louisa by the absence of the arrowheads from the hindwings, and the 
presence of the median eye-spot on the upper surface of the foreAvings, large in the $, only punctiform in the 
camadeva. SS- camadeva Westiv. from Sikkim, uncommon in collections, but according to Niceville’s statements not 
rare at somewhat !oav elevations, flies from May to September, has probably only one brood, and dAvelling amidst 
camadevoi- the densest vegetation, always close to the ground. Sikkim. -— camadevoides Nicev. (103 b), first described 
cZes. py p s au thor from the Chin Hills, Upper Burma, is never wanting in consignments to Europe from the Ivhasia 
Hills; is has also been already mentioned from Manipur and Gachar, where it was observed flying sloAvly in 
clearings in the Avoods from April onwards, when the rains begin. The basal hair tuft on the hindwings is 
said to emit an agreable scent, but which is overpowered and driven off by the much stronger scent, common 
to both sexes, recalling fresh sable skins. The Assam form, which has already been described in german as 
nicevillei. nicevlllei Rob. differs from the Sikkim race in the Avings being no longer simply milk-white, but suffused 
with violet, which is especially obvious on the submarginal band of the hindwings. The darker marginal 
markings on all Avings are also considerably broader, and the underside appears more yelloAvish brown. Uncus 
shorter, more slender, valve longer, basally more curvate than in howqua. The lateral points of the uncus 
Aveaker than in howqua formosana Fruhst. 
B. Uncus without lateral clasps. 
9. Genus: Aiuatluisia F. 
The large, dull brown butterflies of this genus are so uniform in appearance, that only two of the 
existing seven species were recognized as such. Since the indistinct, rarely sharply defined bands on the under¬ 
side afford but a very slight ground for determination, there remains only the development and colour of the 
secondary sexual characters in the 3$, some being furnished Avith a deep androconial cavity on the hind¬ 
wings ( Pseudamathusia). Amathusia is characterized structurally by the five free subcostal nervules, of which 
the first is very long and emitted before the apex of the cell, Avhile the three following are short, and given off 
near the apex of the Aving. In contrast to the more satyroid genera hitherto dealt Avith, the hindwings terminate in a 
short tail. At the angle of the upper median nervule in the foreAving there is a narrow transverse swelling 
of the membrane, indicating the position of a spur of the vein, otherwise peculiar to the genus Zeuxidia. 
The forewing has on the underside a small smooth area near the base, the hindwing is furnished with a pocket- 
like fold, AAdthin which, distally from the submedian, reposes a more or less strongly developed tuft of hair, 
which can be extended fanlike, its colour varying in the different species. There is sometimes a second tuft 
of hair on the proximal side of the submedian (phidippus). Especially remarkable are the four lateral tufts of 
hair on the preapical segments of the abdomen, directed towards the wings, and agreeing in colour with the 
abdomen ( phidippus ). The larva was discovered by Horsfield in Java and first figured in 1857, it is similar 
to that of the Discophora, rather large, red-grey in colour, somewhat thickened centrally, the whole body covered 
Avith tufts of short hair, the second and third segments only, like the head, with long setae. The head has 
two short, apically palmated processes. The abdomen terminates in two long setose points. Pupa smooth, 
oval, green, much narrowed at both ends and with two horns on head. Larva chiefly on the coco palm. Clas¬ 
ping organs much specialized, and differing from those of all the other genera of the Amathusiidae. Uncus 
bifid, as in the Nymphalid genera Mynes and Kallima. Valve extremely broad, yet, the distal end produced 
into an elongate obtuse point, having a general resemblance to those of the Pierid genera Prioneris and Ra¬ 
rer onia. Valve unusually long, very diffusely setose. The imagines live partly in the dense primeval forest, 
partly in the neighbourhood of inhabited localities, in consequence of the presence of their food-plant. The 
centre of distribution is in Macromalayana, with offshoots towards the small Sunda Islands, the celebean sub- 
region and the Philippines; on the Continent from the malayan and Further Indian Peninsula to Burma. 
Specific group Amathusia. 
av i t h o u t androconial c a v i t y o n theupperside of the li in d AA r ings. 
A. phidippus named in 1763 but first figured by Seba in 1765, is one of the commonest butterflies of 
the East, and lives throughout the year wherever the food-plant, the coco-palm, is cultivated; yet the most 
specimens are found from October to March, but especially in December and January, AAdiile from April to Sep¬ 
tember only isolated, mostly worn, specimens are met with. The $$ chose large, tall, full grown trees rather 
than the young, neAvly planted ones for the deposition of their eggs. Dr. Martin has found the larva on the 
african Oil-palm and the Palmyra palm as Avell as on the coco-palm. Both the species of palm named had been 
