428 
AMATHUSIA. By H. Frtihstoreer, 
retrada.' chersias Fruhst. and have a distant resemblance to celebensis (105 a) (— retracta form. nov.). ■— On Nias Island 
niasana. there has developed a very constant, considerable differentiated race, fiiasana Fruhst., which is distinguished 
from the typical javan specimens by the darker upper surface of the wings and the washed-out appearance 
of the underside of all the wings. The under surface of niasana resembles that of the wet form of the Javanese 
phidippus L., but is nearest to the phidippus race from Borneo, yet has still less clearly defined bands than 
the javan and is more deeply violet glossed, niasana is further especially distinguished by the brown discal 
band exactly in the middle of the underside, which is sharply dentate on its inner margin. Herein it re¬ 
calls A. schonbergi Hour, in which this band is certainly more deeply incised. There is probably an allied race 
on the Mentawej Islands, but only a single utterly ragged specimen has as yet reached Europe from thence. 
phidippus. — phidippus L. the name-type, appears to have been described by Nordgreen from specimens collected in Java 
during the rainy season; in contrast with the forms heretofore treated of , it is much exposed to climatic in¬ 
fluences. The AS of the wet season have the upper surface very like that of the sumatran specimens, only 
that, in accordance with the general direction of the development in the Javanese Lepidoptera, the colour 
is always lighter than in the representative races, and accordingly the $ shows progressive light ochre-yellow 
subapical marking. The submarginal circular spots are less broad and less sharply emarginate than in eutropius $$ 
from Sumatra, but the distal border on the hindwings is nearly light yellow and more prominent. The streaks 
on the underside are decidedly purer white, the general colouring brighter and the ocelli on the apex of the 
hindwing smaller than in eutropius. The anal eye-spot, is sometimes enormous, especially in the $$. — The 
retrograda. dry season form retrograda form. nov. has no yellow anteterminal band on the upper surface of the A and the 
ochre-coloured areae are suffused with dull brown, subobsolete. The underside has entirely indistinct pale 
grey-violet, longitudinal bands bounding the dull coffee-coloured, sometimes even grey-yellow median areae. 
The ornaments on the tails which were mentioned even by Linnaeus (caudaeque ocellis geminis) are smaller, 
with more white and less black than in the wet season generation. — phidippus is one of the commonest butter¬ 
flies in Java, where it occurs up to about 800 m and is captured and sent in by the natives in large quantities. 
baweanica. — baweanica Fruhst. Specimens of phidippus from Bawean are always smaller than those from Java, they 
incline less to individual variation and are much more constant than the allied forms from Sumatra, Borneo and 
Perak. The AS differ from the Javanese phidippus chiefly in the lighter costal margin of the forewings, and the 
always uniformly prominent yellow-brown submarginal band, which is either entirely obsolete in the Javanese 
specimens, or more striking and more intense red-brown. The under surface of the AS in characterized by the 
very narrow, but always distinctly defined and lighter white submarginal bands than are observed in the Java 
specimens. The $ averages smaller than the ■phidippus $$, and is distinguished by the subapical oblique bar 
on the forewings being very much lighter yellow, always narrower and more distinctly defined, than in the Java 
99 - The submarginal bands on the fore- and hind-wings seem narrrower, decidedly lighter and apically more 
prominent, bounded both distally and proximally by darker and more strongly waved lines. The very 
broad and almost pure white median bands on the underside somewhat recall perakana taenia Fruhst. from 
lombokiana. Java. — lombokiana Fruhst., the Lombok form of Phidippus, is very similar to baweanica Fruhst. The faded 
colouring of the underside in the A reminds one of dilutus Fruhst. from South-east Borneo. The $$ depart 
from the javanese and Bawean $ type in the darkened and reduced submarginal bands as well as in the smaller 
and darker subapical spot, on the upper surface of the forewings. The ground colour of the 99 is darker than 
corcotinda. that of the dilutus $$ from Borneo. Lombok, up to 2000 feet.. — coreotincta Stich. has on the under surface a 
brownish, leather-coloured tone, and the upper surface is also a shade lighter than the Borneo race. The form 
was founded upon a somewhat abnormally coloured specimen from Natuna Island. It is, however, very 
dilutus. doubtful whether it can hold its own side by side with the very variable dilutus Fruhst. from North and South¬ 
east Borneo, dilutus has the same faded underside, traversed by broad violet, bands as in niasana Fruhst. In 
contrast to those from Java and Sumatra, the AS are very constant in the uniform dark brown colouring 
of the upper surface. The submarginal bands only show through slightly from the underside, whereas in 
the specimens from Java and Sumatra they always show distinctly, sometimes even appearing as prominent 
light brown bands. The brown bands on the underside of the wings are throughout paler than in those from 
Java. In place of the whitish grey longitudinal bands, which distinguish the Java and Sumatra specimens, 
we find only violet bands, which also predominate in masina Fruhst. The $$ are also less marked and never 
have such broad and prominent subapical spots as the Java specimens, it appears, in fact, to be not uncommon 
in South Borneo for the yellowish subapical brightening to be entirely wanting, so that these $$ have the co- 
arrenopia. loration of the upper surface similar to the AS (9 fa- arrenopia form. nov.). Side by side with them are other 
99 which, in contrast to the 99 °f the neighbouring districts, have a longitudinal median band of several 
millimeters broad on all the wings, which is always accompanied by a broad but ill-defined pale whitish yellow 
epidesma. submarginal band (— epidesnia form. nov.). — Seasonal forms of dilutus can also be recognized, and it appears, 
that specimens with yellow-grey instead of white longitudinal streaks on the underside, bounding pale brown 
median bands, belong to the dry season; those with more violet, slightly iridescent parallel bands belong to the 
pcilawana. period of the monsoon. palawana Fruhst. is a rather rare form, the type of which is in the British Museum, 
