AMATHUSIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
429 
and which differs from dilutus chiefly in the lighter and more distinct white longitudinal streaks on the under¬ 
side. The brown discal band in externally more deeply indented than in dilutus and the Philippine races of phi¬ 
dippus. Palawan Island, discovered by Dr. Platen, but not again found by Doherty. - — pollicaris Btlr. is the pollicaris. 
oldest name for a series of geographical branches in the Philippines, which cannot by separated with any degree 
of certainty, in consequence of the scanty material available. Butler’s type came from Luzon; according to 
Semper there are small variations in the distinctness of the paler markings on the upper surface as well as in 
the position of the lighter and darker stripes on the underside, as in all other localities. Yet it is probable, 
that the races of the central Philippines (Mindoro) and of the southern (Mindanao) will show some peculiar 
colouring. — Under the name of patalena Westw. is described a doubtful form, said to come from the Islands putalcna. 
of Torres Straits; an absolutely false locality, since neither phidippus nor any other species of Amathusia occur 
to the east beyond the celebean subregion. Westwood gives the following diagnosis; Upper surface pure yellowish- 
brown, with a slightly dentate, very indistinct, slightly paler submarginal band on all wings. Underside flesh- 
coloured-brown with numerous pale straight lines and a broad dark median band. This description would 
fit any insular form of phidippus. ■— celebensis Fruhst. (105 a) as might be expected from its geographical celebensis. 
position, is the local form which diverges most from the name-type and the general direction of development 
of the macromalayan subspecies. The under surface is chiefly whitish grey, with delicate violet suffusion, the 
brown bands much narrowed, so that the white streaks have more room for expansion, celebensis is smaller 
than phidippus and with a darker, blackish brown ground colour. The bands on the under surface are much 
narrower, and the scent tufts on the abdomen are paler grey. $; the yellowish, obsolete, costal spot on the 
forewing is widely separated from the yellowish submarginal band, not confluent with it as in phidippus from 
Java, Borneo, Nias and Lombok. I took celebensis both in the north and in the south of the island. A $ bred by me 
in Toli-Toli had 12 days pupal rest. -— kiihni Bob. a well marked island race, discovered by the collector Jciihni. 
whose name it bears on Bangkai, and differing from celebensis in its smaller size, the still deeper brown of its 
ground colour, as well as in the more dominant grey-white of the underside, and, above all, by the brighter 
brown, distally more distinctly dentate brown streaks on the hindwings, which stand out more clearly against 
the paler background. 
A. binghami Fruhst. (105 a), wrongly lettered schonbergi on the plate, and originally described by me binghami. 
from a few specimens in the British Museum as a subform of phidippus, has proved to be a sharply defined 
species with reddish, in place of yellow-brown hair tufts on the hindwings. A further important character 
is that binghami has a very scanty distal and a large proximal hair tuft on the hindwings, whereas phidippus 
has the anterior external tuft largest and thickest. The splendid red-brown colouring of the large subapical 
spot on the forewings and their submarginal band are not so prominent in our illustration as in the originals 
from Sumatra. The under surface differs from all other forms of phidippus in the uniform light red-brown 
colour, the broader brown longitudinal bands, and the larger, more distinctly black centred ocelli. Type from 
Penang, collected by Colonel Bingham in Sept. 1891, one A from Perak in the British Museum, some three 
or four i n coll. Staudinger in the Berlin Museum and finally 5 AS from near Padang in West Sumatra 
in coll. Fruhstorfer. 
A. schonbergi has only one black-grey hair tuft in a fold on the submedian of the hindwing, thereby 
differing from phidippus L. and binghami Fruhst. The colouring of the upper surface somewhat recalls binghami, 
but the subapical spot is more like a bar, posteriorly and inwardly not finely and gradually dispersed, but 
sharply defined, the spot and the more ochre-yellow submarginal band continuous. Hindwings with a short, almost 
quadrate costal spot, which is continued into the anal angle as an indistinct band. The underside is easily 
known by the very broad, splendid velvet brown median band on all wings, which is extremely irregular on the 
forewings and distally deeply indented. Its distal bordering is not white, but pale yellow-grey. Ocelli very 
large, the anterior sea cely smaller than the anal, broadly black ringed. Two local races; schonbergi Hour, schonbergi. 
from Perak and Suma ra, with extended yellow suffusion on the upper surface of the forewings. According to 
Martin, it differs from phidippus chiefly in the underside of both wings, the longitudinal bands being much 
darker and broader, with irregular broken contours. The broad discal band touches the anal ocellus nearer its 
middle and surrounds its inner side with a pointed projection. The ground colour of the underside is leather- 
yellow, without the violet gloss of phidippus. The S of schonbergi has also the upper surface of both wings 
more uniform red-brown with only a trace of the marginal band, which is distinct in phidippus ; the lateral 
hair tufts on the last 4 abdominal segments are also shorter. The $ of schonbergi has a darker ground colour 
than that of phidippus and bears a very prominent, broad yellow oblique band near the apex of the forewing. 
In North-East Sumatra Martin found an ocellar aberration, which had on the underside, in addition to the 
two ocelli of the hindwing, a large ocellus in the anal angle of the forewing, and a third small ocellus on the 
hindwing, schonbergi is rare, inhabits the primeval forests of the foothills, going up to about 700 m. The larva 
probably feeds on Areca nibung Mart., a palm which grows in little groups in the woods on the hills; at least 
Dr. Martin found the butterflies only in the vicinity of such trees and also saw a $ deposit eggs there. — 
