ZEUXIDIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
435 
northern Philippines (type from Luzon) with very light whitish blue submarginal band on the forewings, commen¬ 
cing broadly near the costa and only gradually narrowing downwards, is inwardly broadly suffused with dark 
blue. Hindwings witli a splendid bright blue terminal band, of very constant extent. The $ is extremely 
striking, and may be taken as a pattern of sexual dimorphism. It is considerably larger than the <$, with a 
broad bright ochre-yellow border to the hindwings, which is even more extended and yet brighter coloured in 
therionarca subsp. nov. from Mindoro, than in the name-type from Luzon. The J from Mindoro is to some fherionarca. 
extent allied to Z. amethystus and distinguished by the unusually large ocelli on the underside of the hindwings. 
On the upper surface of the hindwings in the $$ there is a further submarginal series of four white spots, of which the 
last, nearest the anal angle, is slightly yellowish. The two specimens of semperi, received by .Semper from 
Luzon were taken in May; therionarca , of which Dr. Platen took a large number, flies in December. 
Z. sibulana Hour, was taken first on Sibulan Mountain in South-east Mindanao, later again at Taganito sibulana. 
in east Mindanao. Semper gives the months of January, February to May as the time of flight, and, according 
to Honrath, this type came from the Apo Volcano at about lOOQm. The hair-tuft in the cell of sibulana is much 
larger than in semperi and dohrni, almost entirely covering the cell. In the shape of the wings and in the mar 
kings sibulana comes nearest to semperi , with which it closely corresponds on the underside. The distal band 
of the appears somewhat broader and is not sharply bounded inwardly, but fades gradually into the dark 
blue, partly densely pubescent basal half of the wing. Semper also states that the reddish tone, which characte¬ 
rizes the semperi is wanting, sibulana is also very scarce and is not in my collection. 
b) Two hairtufts in the cell, either side by side or one behind the other. 
Z. amethystus is the most widely distributed species of the genus and is met with in Macromalayana, 
with the exception of Java, and northwards as far as Tenasserim, also in the southern Philippines, masoni Moore masoni. 
inhabits Tenasserim where it has been observed in March to May at heights of from 3—5000 feet. It comes 
near wallacei (102 c), from which the differ in the costally broader, but posteriorly more pointed, and 
rather lighter blue band on the forewings. On the hindwings the blue distal spot is rather less in evidence. The 
$ has a rather regular yellowish white oblique bar on the forewings, and the light blue hindwings have a light 
ochre-yellow distal region. The ocelli on the underside are smaller than in the other races of amethystus. 
The clasping organs were described under the generic diagnosis. -— amethystus Btlr. from the Malay Peninsula, amethystus. 
Bangka and throughout Sumatra, is very close to wallacei , from which the q'q' differ only in the rather 
lighter blue band of glory, while the contrast strongly in consequence of the more purely white and more 
imposing oblique bars on the forewings. Martin states, that in north-east Sumatra amethystus flies throughout 
the year in the woods of the foothills and mountains, at greater heights than the other species, not below 
2000 feet. The <$, in which only the anal half on the upperside of the hindwings is blue, has the following 
secondary sexual characters; 1) between the costal and subcostal veins is a roundish oval, smooth yellowishbrown 
bordered scent patch with polished black ground, above which lies a dark brown hairtuft, 2) in the cell a second 
smaller, more elongate patch, showing fine cross striation on its lower margin; outwardly from this patch, 
at the open apex of the cell, is a third dark brown tuft of hair, 3) above the submedian, at the end of the 
inner third, is a glandular pouch, from which a brush of hair radiates in all directions when the wings are 
brought into a horizontal position. On the underside of the hind wing the position of both scent patches is shown 
in relief and covered with felted scales. The $ has the markings on the upper surface of both wings 
yellow. The d'J often bear on the underside supplementary, but partly incomplete ocelli (= prodigiosa form, prodigiosa. 
nov.). I have a long series of <$<$ and $$ from West Sumatra, which are rather larger than the specimens 
from Perak, with broader bands on the wings, but the ocelli on the upper surface of the hindwings show less 
yellow. -— wallacei Fldr., probably described from specimens taken by Wallace in Sarawak, is one of the wallacei. 
commonest butterflies in south-east Borneo. The $ already shows a transition form to victrix (103 c) but has 
rather more conspicuous yellowish spots on the forewings. -— victrix Stgr. (103 c), a somewhat rare subspecies victrix. 
from Palawan, the Tcf of which are easily separated from other varieties by the blue distal band on the hind¬ 
wings running from the anal angle to the apical region. The $ appears also on the underside more like 
the db with less markings and no prevailing ochre-yellow tinge. — amelhystina Stich. differs from victrix in amethystina. 
the very pointed apex of the forewings, which bear a broader blue band, laterally white bordered on the hind¬ 
wings. Mindanao, type in coll. Staudinger; Caminguin de Mindanao according to Semper, who gives the 
time of flight as July to October. 
Z. doubledayi falls into a series of not very sharply defined island and local forms, and appears 
to have yellow or black scent tufts on the hindwings according to its vertical distribution. With the exception 
of the Borneo and Sumatra races, so little material has reached Europe, that it is not possible to arrive at any 
definite conclusions as to some of the forms. Stichel was inclined to treat the sumatran subspecies as a spe¬ 
cies; on the ground of the relationship of the very slightly modified $$ it has been here reunited with the 
name-type. We mention first doubledaii Westw. (103 c) as being best represented in collections; it was originally doubledaii. 
