440 
THAUMANTIS. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
stripe, which bounds the yellow-green back on both sides. In the middle of the back are six small longitudinal 
lines, or an indistinct blackish median dorsal line; the red-brown head bears two short horns, slightly knobbed, 
strongly setose and of red colour; the anal tails in the prolongation of the two light yellow stripes, are short 
and also yellow. The whole larva is very hairy, the short hairs stand in tufts on small wart-like protube¬ 
rances, the longer, especially on the anterior half, are a beautiful red-brown, very fine and delicately waved. The 
creatures like to rest with a peculiar sharp bending of the body rather above the middle; the head and anal 
sections of the body then form the sides of a very obtuse angle, and the right side of the larva shows a stri¬ 
king concavity, looking as if the creature was hanging on a nail run through the body. I first considered 
this remarkable pose of the larva as pathological, but it occurs at all ages and must be due to normal habit. 
After the fourth change of skin the larva is 5 cm long, still more densely pubescent and redder in colour. 
The hairs sting and smart if touched by the hand, so strongly, that no one cares to touch the larva a se¬ 
cond time. The densely setose head has two small, black ocellar spots, the processes are orange-red, rather 
longer than before, dentate and setose above. Along the back runs a black median line, where usually there 
were previously only six separate stripes, then follows the brown-yellow ground colour, which gradually merges 
into the two light yellow streaks. Sides, venter and legs bright red-brown, stigmata blackish, white centred, 
anal spines short and light yellow in continuance of the stripes. The pubescence consists of long and short 
hairs, the latter in tufts on warts, the former having rosy tips, especially towards the head. The pupa, first 
flesh coloured, becoming light green after 6-—7 hours, is more pointed and more slender than that of lucipor, 
and is covered with whitish down; on both sides of the ventral segments are four white dots (tracheae), across 
the back run dark longitudinal streaks like the veins of a leaf; as in lucipor, the wingsheaths are marked 
with fine blackish striations. The very elongate point on the head is distinctly double (palpi). The pupal 
rest continues for 12—14 days, the pupa becomes blackish on the day before emergence, which takes place 
between 8 and 10 o’clock in the morning. 
Tin odana is a true denizen of the macromalayan region which it nowhere oversteps. The hindwings 
have only one, though certainly very broad, hairtuft, which rests in a slight depression, and a large androco- 
nial spot filling almost the whole of the cell. The wing-membrane on the underside of the forewing shows as a 
polished, white centred patch. Uncus basally narrower than in diores, apically more obtuse; valve unusually 
broadly seated, with a short distal end, finely dentate as in the Taenaridae. Penis strikingly broad, but rather 
shorter than in diores. All forms have in common a subapical blue oblique bar, of various extent or white bordered 
according to the locality, and a white apical spot, small in the always more distinct in the Hind- 
wings more or less broadly yellow bordered, always with a black, outwardly white centred spot between the lower 
median and the submedian. Underside with grey-white and brown bands in the cell. Eye-spots somewhat as 
pishuna. in nourddin, submarginal markings similar to diores. ■— pi shun a Fruhst. (105b) the finest coloured local form, 
$<$ characterized by a nearly finger broad white band on the forewings, glossed with very metallic light blue. 
$ chiefly recognizable on the underside by an extensive yellow oblique band on the forewings and a similar 
yellowish grey suffusion in the anal region of the hindwings. Malay Archipelago, seems to be rather scarce. 
paramita. •— paramita Fruhst. has only imperceptible white centring of the band on the forewing, which is also less blue 
bordered than in odana from Java. The oblique band on the $$ scarcely half as broad as in pishuna, their 
underside with very slight yellowish anal suffusion, paramita flies throughout the whole year, almost as com¬ 
mon as lucipor, but only in the mountains and foothills up to and above 3000 feet, appearing where lucipor 
ends. On the upper surface of the hindwings, near the base, between the costal and subcostal veins, the have 
a black lacquered looking scent patch, covered by a tuft of dark brown hair. The larger and paler $$ have the 
oblique blue bar on the forewings broader and with a whitish gloss, which is strongest on the middle of the 
yantiva. bar; these differences are more apparent on the underside. North-east and West Sumatra. ■— yantiva suhsp. 
nov. described from one <$ in the British Museum, differs from paramita and odana in the shorter blue spot on 
the forewings, on the underside the anal ocellus is always smaller, the anal angle appears more broadly and richly 
suffused with yellow, forming a transition towards the pishuna race of Perak, also extensively decorated with 
odana. yellow beneath, and cyclops from Borneo. Habitat, Nias Island, very rare. — odana Godt. is a typical Java 
butterfly, nowhere scarce in the woods on the south coast up to 700 m above sea level; flies by day, but never 
leaves the shade of the wood and always keeping close to the ground, where it feels most comfortable among 
decaying foliage in very wet places. They are very difficult to obtain in good condition, because leaves and rub¬ 
bish always get into the net with them and they slide about among it from side to side. Although they are very 
fond of fallen fruit, they never visited the exposed banana baits, with which Zetixidia, Discophora, Kallima 
paralecta, Prothoe franclci and Euthalia eion were so easily enticed. Herr Dr. Piepers observed the larva of 
Thaumantis odana in Java and described it as follows; similar to the larva of Discophora celinde Stoll, and just as 
densely pubescent. The hairs on the thoracic part red, that on the rest of the body mostly blackish. Head black with 
