446 
DISCOPHORA. By FT. Frttiistorfer. 
has been discovered by Horsfield on coco-palms. The intensity of the yellow marking varies from the luxu¬ 
riant maximum of our illustration, to specimens without the second submarginal series of spots on the forewings. 
In one both the transcellular and submarginal spots have entirely disappeared, so that the upper surface is 
varda. unicolourous blue-black with a slight steely glitter ( = varda form. nov.). The influence of the seasons appears 
to produce in both sexes of celinde an uniform grey-yellow colouring in the dry period, and in the rains a much 
undata, richer, brown-violet glossed appearance. East and West Java, up to about 700 m; Bali, Kangean. — - undata 
Stick, is a form discovered by me on the Island of Lombok, where it is on the wing from April to June and goes 
up to about 600 m; I found it always near the native villages. The $ is larger than the typical, celinde , spots 
on the fore wings very small, ocelli on the underside of hindwing unusually large and sometimes a small, white 
centred accessory ocellus near the anal. The border of fore and hind-wings, especially the latter, strongly 
sinuous, whereby the subspecies differs strikingly and unmistakeably from the type form. $: the proximal 
series of spots starting from the ultracellular band on the forewings indistinct, except between the upper 
and middle median nervules. The central row of spots consists of two crescentic spots, the anterior large, the 
posterior smaller. The distal (submarginal) series contains three large spots, beginning behind the upper median. 
Hindwings w'ith only one distinct submarginal series of spots with a few obsolete spots and dashes in the exterior 
part of the discal area. No characteristic markings on the underside. $ 43-—45, <j> 48 mm expanse. 
D. necho, one of the commonest species of the genus, inhabits the whole of Macromalayana, and ex¬ 
tends northwards to Palawan and the central Philippines. It is morphologically very close to continentalis 
Stgr. All parts of the copulative organs agree in general with those of the preceeding species, but the ventral 
edge of the harpe is distally produced and pointedly elongate. This projecting corner is more or less conspicuous, 
mostly, on an average, in the specimens from Borneo, Sumatra and Nias, less in the forma typica from Java, 
and least in the subspecies from the Philippines. In this it is so greatly reduced as to offer but little difference 
from continentalis Stgr. excepting that in the latter there is usually a small callosity on the inner side before 
the apical formation. The shape of the apical point differs in individuals from the same locality, and all transi¬ 
tions from the truncated distal surface to the pointed form may be placed together, irrespective of locality, 
so that at either extreme we may have specimens from Mindanao, side by side with some from Borneo or Su¬ 
matra. In the character of the markings, the macromalayan races are grouped around the figured dis (107 d), 
odorata. those of the Philippines round odorata (106 a). necho Fldr. must be considered as the name-type; the 2 was 
necho. already known to Godart in 1823, but united by him with the philippine species ogina Hbn. The typical 
of the species is characterized by the small ocelli on the underside of the hindwing. The anal ocellus is often only 
indicated by a white dot, with or without black border. The band of spots on the forewing of the <$$ is rich, 
pure white, especially in the east-javan specimens, necho can be taken in any quantity in Java, by laying out 
dis. over-ripe bananas as bait in the woods. - — dis Nicev. (106 d) differs from necho in the darker violet band 
on the forewings of the S3 am! a broader, deeper ochre coloured oblique band on the dis flies throughout 
the year in the plains and foothills of north-east Sumatra, is not uncommon in the west of the island, and, 
next to Amathusia phidippus, it is the commonest of the Amathusiidae in Sumatra, yet absolutely perfect 
specimens of the $ are scarce. Dr. Martin has often bred this species from larvae, which are always found in 
pairs both on the sugar cane and on the well-known Lalang grass. The extremely hairy, yellow-brown cater¬ 
pillars lie close together, head downwards, high up on a leaf, of which they eat the under side, excepting of 
course the midrib. The green, pointed pupa recalls that of Amathusia . phidippus. The large, plush-like scent- 
patch on the A is rounder, more pale ringed and lies almost on and around the point of divergence of the 
median nervules; the second scent patch, on the internal nervure, is roundish oval and white-yel¬ 
low. The ocelli on the underside of the hindwing, 2—3 in number, are complete. There are sometimes 
submarginal spots on the upper surface of the hindwing. The $ of this subspecies has the broadest band on the 
forewings, and reaches a considerable size, especially in Sumatra; up to 53 mm. The colour of the bands and spots 
is much lighter ochre-yellow than in the typical necho, ground-colour darker, shape of the bands in general as 
in the last, but there is always more inclination towards breaking up into spots, and the submarginal spots on 
the forewings are usually entirely isolated. Hindwing unicolorous brown-black with paler border, or with 
obsolete submarginal spots, or a few indistinct spots and streaks in the outer part of the disc. Here also off- 
propinqua. shoots occur, in which there are 2—3 distinct series of spots on the hindwing as in celinde Stoll. ■— propinqua 
Stick, averages rather smaller than the preceeding. Hindwing without scent scales on the internal nervure, 
or with only a few scattered hairs at that place, an infallible character for the form and the first specific 
indication of the consolidation into a species which is in progress. The $ very dull, hindwings almost uni- 
engamon. colorous, forewing with obtuse apex and remarkably convex exterior margin. Nias Island, very rare. - — en- 
gamon subsp. nov. comes nearest to dis Nicev. and forms a transition from it to cheops from Borneo. differs 
