Publ . 18 . Ill 1912 . 
ERGOLIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
457 
has more relationship with the South Indian merione and taprobana from Ceylon, than to the Sikkim and 
Assam races. Type from Siam from an elevation of about 300 m at Hinlap, Muoklek on the Bankok-Koreat 
railway line. Jan. and Feb. $ of the wetseason form from South Annam and Tenessarim. According to 
Moore also occurs in the Mergui-Archipeligo. — ginosa subsp. nov. inhabits Sumatra and the Malayan ginosa. 
Peninsular. $ larger than pharis rjrj , darker redbrown with distincter black wavy lines on the uppersides and 
on the undersides the sharply bordered median bands are more uniformly redbrown. — nicevillei Am/i.si. (107 b) nicevillei. 
is considerably smaller than the North Indian and Macromalayan allied races; the $<$, especially those from 
East Java appear on the uppersides of a darker redbrown than the Sumatran ginosa. The $ however shews 
distinct Javanese color characteristics in the predominent paler colour and the lighter greyer underside: 
from the east of the island approach more to pharis Fruhst. of Siam (dry season form), those of West Java 
from the neighbourhood of Sukabumi, form a transition from tapestrina from Sikkim and ginosa from Sumatra. 
Fairly rare, but extending up to 800 m elevation. —From Borneo a merione race is not yet known with certainty, 
but Shelford presumes that ahmat Pryer (described in Brit. North Borneo Herald of October 1894 p. 259) ahmat. 
may belong here. — On the Philippines merione is represented by crestonia subsp. nov. The $ larger than crestonia. 
ginosa the black lines of the hindwings distincter; the $ brighter owing to alternate streaks of redbrown 
grey and black on the uppersides. Undersides grey, with redbrown bands which extend on to the fore wings. 
Palawan, W. Doherty found them not rare in January. — luzonia Flclr. (107 c) is an extremely pale form luzonia. 
with broadened and partly pale yellowish median bands. The grey underside resembles crestonia from Palawan, 
with its prominent, narrow, intensive redbrown median bands. Time of flight apparently the whole year and 
according to Semper extends from Luzon to Mindanao. The form is fairly rare and I imagine that under the 
name luzonia several geograjdiical races are comprised, which must be cleared up later. -— maculata Semp. maculata. 
is the most northernly known form of merione with brightly contrasted uppersides, of which Semper espe¬ 
cially notices the darker basal and much paler distal portions of the wings. The underside shews the colo¬ 
ration of the dry-season form with disappearing black marks on a pale grey background. Camiguin de Luzon, 
Babuyanes and Northwest Luzon. — celebensis Holl. designates an important insular race discovered by celebensis. 
Doherty in the South of Celebes, which is a typical Celebean butterfly in its large size as compared with its 
relations. The basal portion of the forewings is much darkened in both sexes, the median region on the other 
hand paler, poor in black lines and the $ covered with irregular black bordered yellow spaces. The underside 
is distinguished by a broad median band, whereas the submarginal band is only weakly indicated. 
c) Speculum of hindwing-upperside much extended scentgland as in b. 
E. merionoides Holl. (107 a) is a highly specialized species, which replaces obscura Feld, on Celebes, merionoides. 
and connects the characters of the Indian merione with those of the Moluccan obscura. $: Upperside pale 
yellowbrown with sharply waved submarginal lines, which in the $ are broadened at the hindmargin and 
submerged in a blackish brown border area. Both sexes exhibit a chain of black pupillecl round or oval eye- 
spots. $ above paler brown grey with yellowish median area; underside of $, in lively contrast to that of 
the figured, greyish white instead of red-brown, with delicate yellowbrown repetition of the markings of the 
upperside. Discovered by Doherty in South Celebes and represented in my collection by 3 pairs from 
Dongola, Central Celebes, August and September and belonging to a dry season form. Genital organs descri¬ 
bed in the geneiic diagnosis. — buruensis Fruhst. (107 a) of which only two $$ are known to me, repeats buruensis. 
the scheme of markings of merionoides Holl. of which it is a melanotic variation, but buruensis has more of 
the general type of Ergolis in the more uniform redbrown tone of the uppersides. The undersides are princi- 
ply grey with dull brown spots. Isle of Baru. 
E. obscura Fldr. (107 a) is a very rare species, of which only a pair from Halmaheira and a $ from obscura. 
Batjan are before me. Shape of wings exceptionally round, the dark ground colour, the absence of the submar¬ 
ginal chain of eyespots and the presence of an intensely red median band seperate obscura from merionoides 
It is probable that further intermediate steps than buruensis will be discovered (on Obi, Sula Mangoli) in which 
case merionoides will fall as a species and must be regarded as a race of obscura. On the underside obscura <$ 
differs from merionoides <$ in the absence of the grey submarginal flush of the hindwings and the $ differs from 
buruensis $ in the absence of the submarginal chain of kidney shaped spots, whose place is taken by a grey 
wavy band on the hindwings. 
E. taeniata replaces obscura on the Philippines is somewhat smaller than the latter and is characte- taeniaia. 
rised by the pale or dull yellow bands which according to locality vary in breadth. The black scent gland 
of the underside is reduced, is only continued into the cell as a fine line and divides outwardly. Under¬ 
sides of the hindwings covered for the greater part of their surface by smoky grey patches, which are traversed 
by delicate redbrown bands, taeniata Fldr. (107 c) is a richly coloured race from the Northern Philippines. 
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