460 
BYBLIA. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
with pale yellow plumes. Underside of $ similar to that of glaucescens <$, that of the $ light yellow with 
reddish lines and tufts of scales. Specimens of the dry-season form are smaller, the black bands of the $ are 
reduced on account of a greater extension of the blue grey area; the $ ha a narrower yellow median area, 
senta. on a dull redbrown ground. Andamans not rare. — senta Fruhst. is close to andamanensis ; the $ differs 
in the broader black submarginal band of the hindwings, the $ in paler almost whitish yellow median area, 
which is surrounded by a pale reddish brown area. Underside of both sexes somewhat paler the $ with scarcely 
noticeable redbrown powdering. Compared with horsfieldi of Java the following differences may be ascertained: 
In senta there is a broader black shading in the basal region of the forewings and the outermargin of the hind- 
wings and the grey bluish markings are more extended and lighter. The underwings of senta are paler grey, 
with very narrow black lines, which run straighter than in horsfieldi. The larger $ is redbrown instead 
of yellow brown with much paler costal and median bands and weaker black lines on the uppersides. The 
undersides duller yellow and the median bands of the forewings interrupted at the radii and not continuous 
as in horsfieldi $ from Java, Sumatra and the Andamans. Isle of Nias forewing: B 27 mm $ 30 mm. — 
velitra. velitra suhsp. nov. (107 d) is a transition from andamanensis and senta to horsfieldi of Java; it is smaller than the 
two forms from the Weclda-Bridge (former land connection Ceylon-Nias) but is somewhat larger than the 
Javanese race. $ hardly to be distinguished from horsfieldi , only the black bands somewhat more sharply 
defined, $ on the contrary much darker and more uniformly orange yellow, the redbrown portion darker, the 
underside deeper yellow ochre. Occurs in the plains, rare. The $<$ sit with folded wings and have a pre- 
horsfiddi. ference for sandbanks in woodland streams. (Martin.). — ■ horsfieldi Bsd. like all Javanese insects is of smaller 
size than its sumatran relatives and in both sexes exhibits a paler color both above and below, d' 24 $ 24 mm 
forewing. Very rare apparently commoner in the east of the island than in the west up to about 500 m. hors¬ 
fieldi forms are not known from the Malay Peninsular and Borneo. 
E. castelnaui a true Macromalayan species, which penetrates as fai north as Moulmein, does not occur 
on the Andamans but has reached the Southern Philippines by way of Borneo, —castelnaui does not extend fur- 
castelnaui. ther eastward than Java, castelnaui Fldr. the name type comes from the Malay Peninsular and extends 
northwards as a great rarity to Upper-Tenasserim (Daunatrange and Attaran valley). The is the only 
butterfly of the eastern tropics with pure ultramarine blue upperwings. Wings otherwise only traversed 
by a fine black submarginal line and the apex slightly darkened. $ grey brown with dark brown, black 
bordered transverse bands. Underside similar to horsfieldi but darker, more clouded with black and with 
more perpendicular transverse lines. $ grey brown with black bands and whitish submarginal zone. Tenasse- 
rim to Singapore, Northeast and West Sumatra but $$ from this island appear to be somewhat darker than 
ochus. those from Perak. •—- ochus Fruhst. inhabits Borneo, the type coming from the south east of the island. The 
rf is much larger and of darker blue ground colour than specimens from Sumatra and Perak. Apex of forewings 
more clouded with black, the undersides shewing more extended and darker black bands on all wings. The $ 
ottonis. probably differs considerably but is not yet known to me. ■— ottonis Fruhst. The $ differs from castelnaui 
in the pale blue colour of the wings, which is common both to ottonis and fruhstorferi from East Java. The 
black submarginal band of the forewings is not as well developed in ottonis. The $ is midway between castel¬ 
naui $ from Sumatra and fruhstorferi from Java, it is smaller than Sumatran, larger than Javanese specimens 
and of more reddish than blackish grey ground colour. Underside; the especially in the marginal portions 
of the hindwings is much paler than castelnaui from Borneo; the $ is also more shaded with red beneath 
and with thinner black lines, of which the submarginal of the hindwings is almost obsolete. Palawan, only 
fruhstorferi. 1 B and 1 $ in the Frtjhstorfer collection. ■— fruhstorferi Nicev. (107c!) comes from East Java. In the 
west of the island I have not noticed this splendid geographical race. The differs from the remaining 
Macromalayan races in the light blue of the uppersides and the broad black submarginal line of the hindwings. 
$ more delicate than castelnaui $, paler grey brown with more outstanding and much narrower median region. 
Underside of $ much paler than Sumatra $$, with whitish space between the black transverse bands and a 
similar patch in the submarginal area of both wings. Very rare at an altitude of 500-600 m, only found by me 
niha. in the Zuidergebergde south of Malang, East Java. — niha Fruhst. (107 d) comprises the most extremely 
differentiated island race, the $<$ of which can hardly be seperated from those from Sumatra, but the $$ an 
remarkable by the presence of white transcellular and median marks on the forewings. General colouring other¬ 
wise light grey brown with reddish brown transverse bands. Underside near to fruhstorferi of Java with a si¬ 
milar white space between the cross bands and more reddish in place of black bands. Nias very rare. 
3. Genus: Byblia Hbn. (Hypanis Bsd.) 
A bicontinental genus, whose origin is Africa, where two species occur of which one penetrates to 
India and Ceylon. Byblia agrees entirely with the former genus in neuration and form of palpi, but is easily 
separeted on account of the rounded forewings and the strongly scalloped hindmargin. The general colour 
