PSEUDERGOLIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
461 
scheme is also different and has a more Melitaea-like appearance on account of the arrangement of 
black spots on an orange brown ground. The antennae in Byblia are provided with a long pointed club; 
the palpi very long only slightly scaled above, and covered in front and on the back with long 
hairs. Last segment only half as long, as the thin middle segment which is somewhat swodlen at the end, scales 
short. The 3rd subcostal nervure is nearer to the 4th than to the end of cell. The forewing cell is closed, 
the hindwing-cell open. Hindwings with forked precostal vein. Forelegs of <$ extremely thin, threadlike 
and covered with a few silky hairs; tarsus short, only half as long as the tibia, the latter of the same length 
as the femur Larva on Tragia cannabina and can only be distinguished from that of Ergolis ariadne by the 
long pale green or yellow green instead of whitish dorsal stripe. Pupa slender, sometimes green, sometimes 
brown. Imago is subject to seasonal dimorphism. Lee also Vol 13, plate 51. 
B. ilithyia Drury (138 a). Upperside reddish orange coloured with black transverse bands. Underside ilithyia. 
extremely delicate, on the, forewings only in the front portion with white spots along side the black streaks; 
the hindwings crossed by three yellowish white transverse bands which are frequently absent, which are proxi- 
mally surrounded by black crescents or spots. -—- In the dry-season form simplex Butl. these black markings simplex. 
disappear and the underside of the hindwings becomes a sandy dull redgrey, and on the uppersides the 
black bands are commencing to disappear. Common from Poona and Bombay in the north to Madras and the 
Nilghiris in the south of India, is fond of the neighbourhood of puddles up to 1000 m altitude. In Ceylon only 
on the north of the island in July and again in Dezember very common in lower Jungle. Larva according to 
Moore in the first stage dark brown, in the second black with a yellow dorsal stripe running the whole 
length; third and last stage green. The thorns black. Pupa slightly forked on forehead, thorax with a point 
behind, the segments somewhat bent upwards dorsally. Wingcases somewhat extended. Colour either green 
or dull grey or purple brown with paler back. 
Tribe Pseudergolidi. 
$ with completely developed forelegs. Occur only in Indian region. 
4. Genus: ergolis Fldr. 
Possesses the fine black wavy lines in common with Ergolis, but on the undersides approaches more 
towards the genus Precis on account of the chain of eye spots on the hindwings' Praecostal vein of hindwings 
as in Ergolis. The neuration otherwise also agreeing with that of the latter Genus (except that the costal 
vein is not swollen). Antennae long, gradually forming a thin club. Larva on an Urticacea, Indian Siar (Deb- 
regeasia bicolor), exhibiting the closest relationship with the Byblid larvae through a pair of diverging beautifully 
curved, black, finely thorned head horns. The body naked except for two suboval thorns. Pupa resembles 
that of Rohana camiba but is more grotesque, ventrally with thumb-shaped protuberance and side spikes. Imagi¬ 
nes are not rare, they have a slow hovering flight and sit with extended wings on leaves. They are always 
found in the neighbourhood of water, reach an altitude of 2000 m and have very slightly differentiated 
seasonal forms. Distribution very extraordinary, from the southern slopes of the Himalayas to China and then 
again unconnected on Celebes. Only two species known. 
P. wedah comprises two local races chinensis subsp. nov. one third larger than wedah Roll. (Vol. 1 , chinensis. 
p. 173, PI. 61 e), but with narrower black bands. $ paler than $$ from Sikkim and Assam. Common in West- 
China, at Omeishan; one specimen also from I chang, Central China recorded by Leech. — wedah Roll, known wedah. 
from the North West Himalayas to Upper-Burmah, was found by me as a great rarity in Central-Tonkin. 
Specimens of the dry-season form are somewhat smaller than those of the Monsoon period, paler, more golden 
brown and with more distinct black submarginal spots. On the underside the brown transverse bands are 
more prominent. $ faded brown with weaker transverse bands on the uppersides. The dryseason form flying 
in Tonkin in August and September, wedah occurs in the Himalayas from May to November. According to Dr. 
Niceville the imagines on very quarrelsome and each affects a special spot, which they hold. 
P. avesta inhabits the Celebes, where this rare species occurs in two races: avesta Fldr. (116 e), descri- avesta. 
bed from specimens collected by Lorquin in the northern part of the island, has a redbrown ground colour, 
with well developed black ringed ocelli on the uppersides. $ dark brown without any trace of red. Mar¬ 
kings as in the rf, but the transcellular portion of the forewings somewhat more shaded. $ generally resembles 
Precis intermedia Fldr. in the arrangement of the ocelli and Precis iphita in colour. Hindwings round and with¬ 
out the anal tails of the $. Underside of ES with brightly shining whitish violet areas along the chain of ocelli 
and in the cell of the forewings. Both sexes were obtained by me at the borders of woods at Toli-Toli, 
North Celebes in November and December. — toalarum subsp. nov. (named ofter the primitive Weddah- toalarum. 
race of the South Celebes), larger, uppersides brighter redbrown with more prominent black spots than avesta. 
The $ has more distinct black ringed ocelli on the hindwings and darker brown spots on the undersides of 
