464 
PENTHEMA. Par H. Frtthstoreer. 
formosanum. P. formosatium Rothsch. (114a as formosanus), originally from Taipeh North Formosa was recently 
rediscovered by Satjter in all the mountainous portions of middle and south Formosa in large numbers. Time 
of flight June to August, at an altitude of from 2—4000 ft. The $ repeats the markings of the Under¬ 
sides of the hindwings almost entirely blackish brown, but always with a complete row of white helmet shaped 
umbratilis. spots and postdiscal series of dots. — umbratilis Fruhst. is the melanotic aberration parallel to pomponia, in 
which the white markings of the forewings are reduced to rudiments; the cell and the median zone 
of the hindwings are also almost entirely blackened over. Very variable, not one of the 30 specimens in the 
Fruhstorfer collection entirely agree. Genital organs more delicate than those of lisarda of Upper Burmah. 
Valve not thickened basally, the distal point only slightly bent. 
P. darlisa. A very rare well differentiated species from further India, which is divided into three 
local races and like lisarda inclines to dimorphism in both sexes. In contradiction to P. lisarda, which resem¬ 
bles a Ilestia or Danaida, darlisa mimics the Euploea-mulciber model and resembles in flight to a fascinating 
darlisa. extent Pap. telearchus (See PI. 49 c), whose range of variation is truely followed. — darlisa Moore. and $ 
groundcolour of forewings black with violet blue sheen. Cell of the forewings with three spots, which are hardly 
more than dots. The whitish green strigae of lisarda are flushed with delicate light blue, those of the hind¬ 
wings becoming dull yellow. All the markings of lisarda are repeated, but in darlisa they are reduced, narrow¬ 
er, the submarginal double row of spots smaller. Cell of the hindwings with a black streak, and dusted with 
black basally. Interesting is a somewhat narrower but otherwise unchanged rudiment in conformity with 
lisarda which is characteristic for the Genus, but in the melanotic specimens is almost covered with black. -—- 
binghami. binghami Wood-Mas. is analogous to pomponia Fruhst. an extreme dark form of darlisa, but the uppersides are 
not black, but on the forewings of a deeper blue and the hindwings a duller blue. The white markings are 
more reduced than in darlisa, the cellular and median strigae of the forewings disappear on the uppersides, but 
are present on the undersides. On the hindwings all the pale areas are affected by the darkening, so that the 
whole of the median area appears black, on the other hand the submarginal spots especially of the $ are increa¬ 
sed in size, and the outer row are round instead of helmet shaped. Genital organs of darlisa very similar to those 
of lisarda, the uncus robuster, the valve more bent and more boat-shaped hollowed out, the distal portion 
narrower and armed dorsally and medially with two short sharp spines; darlisa is not very rare and is found 
in high forests in Burmah. Time of flight March, occasionally on the dung of elephants. Of binghami only 
mimctica. a few specimens are known from the Thounyeen forest (time of flight April). — tnimetica Lathy from the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Korat in Central Siam forms a transition to annamitica on account of the brilliant blue sheen 
of the forewing uppersides and differs from binghami on account of the absence of the discal and the partial 
annamitica. absence of the submarginal spots of the forewings. Very rare only one $ known. •—- annamitica Fruhst. like 
telearchides. darlissa occurs in two colour variations. The figured (telearchides form, nov.) resembles the $ of Pap. 
telearchus (49 b) and has two yellowish submedian stripes on the forewings and seven intranerval strigae on the 
hindwings, which are repeated on the undersides. A second form copies the markings of the Pap. 
telearchus <$. The forewings shining brilliant dark blue with the exception of the dark basal portion, and the 
hindwings shewing a want of all the cellular and median pale patches but with an increase as in binghami of the 
yellow submarginal spots. The do not fly like Nymphalidae, but dash about between the trees of the pri¬ 
meval forest and have just the appearance of a Papilio. I found the form telearchides on a stone covered 
with algae in a tiny swampy stream in February in South Annam. 
adelma. P. adelma Fldr. (Vol. 1, p. 194, PI. 61 b) was formerly placed in the Genus Isodema and differs consi¬ 
derably in markings from the remaining Penthema. But the newly discovered forms P. michallati and P. 
formosanum form a structural transition from the Penthema type lisarda to adelma. The Genus is best united 
with Penthema, as differences in the neuration are not present as shewn by the preparations made by me. 
The differential characters mentioned by Dr. Schatz are also not present, the Isodema cell being drawn 
too broad. But it seems as if the palpi of Isodema are somewhat shorter than Penthema and therefore do not 
protrude so much. Front cliscocellidar short but not rudimentary as in Byblidae. Only two forms are men¬ 
tioned in the Palaearctic parts p. 194. P. adelma Fldr. Uncus with short lateral clasps; valve considerably 
broader, that is basally strongly swollen, shorter than in Penthema, point simple, but sharp, in one specimen 
abnormally bent downwards at almost a right angle. 
Tribe Issorodidi. 
The Genera belonging here are bicontinental and differ from the Argynnididi with which they were formerly united 
on account of the primitive genital organs, which are in strong contrast to the richly ornimented ones of Argynnis. 
