466 
CUPHA. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
placida. and black streaks and three pairs of red and black appendages. ■— placida Moore (107 c), a genuine island race 
with much darker colouring, smaller than maja, with rounder wings, uppersides uniformly warm yellow-ochre 
with the transverse bands very indistinct and hardly paler, hindwings similar to erymanthis-lotis with distinct 
black submarginal wavy lines, which are hardly indicated in maja. Undersides reddish yellow-ochre with only 
one pale patch before the anal angle of the forewings. Commonest in April and May, rare in the hills, but still 
andama- occurring at Nuwara-Ellyia (about 2000 m). • — ■ andaniarsica Moore unites the characters of maja on the fore- 
nim w ings with the prominent markings of the Malayan races on the hindwings. Ground color exceptionally dark 
brown with prominent yellowish transverse bands on the fore wings. Undersides very bright with broad red- 
nicobarica. brown median area. Andamans not rare. — nicobarica Fldr. is an island inhabitant unknown to me in nature, 
which according to Bingham has the space between the submarginal lines of the hindwing uppersides of a paler 
disjuncta. colour than the remaining surface of the uppersides. Nicobars.— disjuncta Weym. comprises a fine island form, 
the S °f which has not been so modified as the which is seperated from all other races by the pale cream 
coloured transverse bands of the forewings. The $ is also in other respects very bright. Hindwing uppersides 
with pale brown basal, reddish yellow discal and whitish submarginal bands. The whitish space between the 
submarginal lines reminds one of nicobarica Fldr. <$ just like the q of the Javanese form, but the underside is 
paler and the basal portion of the uppersurface of all wings generally brown. Isle of Nias. A $ from Batu Island 
in my collection inclines more to the Javanese race on account of the reddish ochre basal colouring of the wing 
peliopteryx. uppersides. —- peliopteryx Hag. from Mentawej, stands out from all other forms on account of the basal half of 
the wings being much paler and with only just a trace of greyish dusting at the roots, so that, the wings appear 
uniformly pale leather yellow, alm ost of the same colour as the transverse bands of the forewings in erymanthis. 
In consequence in this form there is hardly a trace of the transverse bands to be seen, only the irregular border, 
which is otherwise black and distinct is here present as a faded brown marking. The apex and the outer border 
of the forewings are not so dark as in erymanthis or disjuncta, but only light, are very broad, dusted with black 
and on the inner border are not sharply defined, but blend gradually in the yellow ground colour. In many 
specimens three rows of pale yellow spots are found in the black apical portion, as noted by Weymer in the 
Nias form disjuncta, but only very faded and indistinct. The round black spot, which in erymanthis and disjuncta ; 
is present in the cell between the middle and lower median veins and in the middle of the yellow transvers band, 
is in peliopteryx nearer to the dark outer border. On the hindwings which are also pale yellow, only the round 
black spots are surrounded by faded dark yellow patches and the narrow bands which border same towards 
the base are whitish, like very pale specimens of disjuncta. Behind these narrow, white, inwards darkly bordered 
bands there follows after a space another simple dark line, which in 'peliopteryx is always broader-than in ery¬ 
manthis and disjuncta. Whereas in the just mentioned species, it is strongly embayed and waved, in peliopteryx 
it runs almost straight and forms only one sharp outward angle at the 1st. discoidal nervure. Only in one single 
specimen is this line somewhat more hollowed out. The undersides of all wings resembles those of disjuncta, 
perhaps a trifle paler and on the forewings more uniform in color owing to the want of contrast of the dark 
basal and paler central areas. The opal sheen of the outer row of crescents of the hindwings is wanting. ■—- 
dohertyi. dohertyi FVtt7?,sh (107e) has just the correct dress of a Satellite-Island form, that is to say its colour is considerably 
more melanotic than the races from Sumatra and especially those from Java. A long series of specimens which 
are before me, are very striking on account of the much narrower median bands of the forewings, which more¬ 
over are not yellowish, but of a redbrown tone. The inner border of the brownish region, that is to say the 
strongly bent discal band is much broader black than in Javanese and Sumatran specimens. The yellow sub- 
apical spot is more pronounced as also the black subanal patch. The black median bands of the hindwings 
run straighter, the inner submarginal band however more irregular. Moreover this is moved more inwards, so that 
the brown zone between the submarginal bands is broader. The undersides of the wings are also darker but 
poorer in markings than the Sumatran, the violet central bands of the hindwings more prominent. On the other 
hand the yellow median band of the forewings appears much narrower. From the Javanese race of erymanthis, 
dohertyi is easily seperated through the want of the pale yellow flush on the dark brown hindwings. With dis¬ 
juncta Weym. from Nias, which has an almost white median area on the fore wings, dohertyi has nothing 
nagara. in common. Island of Engano. Common in April. -— Under the name nagara subsp. nov. I. should 
like to unite the forms of West-Sumatra and Borneo, which are almost identical, melanotic branches 
of the paler lotis Sulz. from Continental India and therefore also in opposition to the paler Java form. 
Ground colour as in dohertyi, the shoulder of the forewings not only paler, but costalwards considerably extended. 
The yellow subapical spots, especially in the Borneo specimens obsolete. Undersides brighter colored than 
the Java specimens. According to Hagen a common butterfly, prefering cultivated areas with not a very fast 
flight and often settling, visiting the flowers of gardens and uncultivated fields especially the Lantana bushes. 
It frequents a settled locality prefering the sunny leaves of bushes beside the road, where it sits still for long 
periods with folded wings. The butterfly remains close to its birthplace and never undertakes long journeys. 
