ATELLA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 471 
of the subcostal nervure. In Atella the 1st. subcostal nervure is situated exactly at the end of the cell, the 
2nd after it, the 3rd is nearer to the 4th than to the 2nd, whereas in Argynnis two subcostal nervures are 
always situated before the end of the cell. The palpi are very swollen, provided beneath with long hairs and 
stiff bristles, on the upperside only weakly haired. End segment very small and pointed. Forewing cells closed, 
the rear discocellular vein meeting the median vein at the base of the 2nd nervure, the middle one strongly 
bent. Hindwings with small closed cells, the rear discocellular vein very fine and meeting the median vein 
before the 2nd nervure. Praecostal vein simple, bent outwards and forking after the subcostal. On the undersides 
of the hindwings two eyespots are usually developed as also one in the outer angle of the forewings. Further 
they have a mother-of-pearl sheen. The front legs of both males and females vary from the normal type. The 
larva of A. phalanta, one of the commonest species of the Indian region, is pale green above and whitish beneath 
and covered with short branched spines. It lives on an Ixora species, a genus of Rubiacae indiginous to India 
The region of distribution of the Genus which is only composed of a few species extends over the whole of the 
Indo-Australasian tropical region. One species, the wellknown A. phalanta extends even to Africa; another 
is confined to Madagascar. See further re this Genus in Vol. 1, p. 243, PI. 71 d and Vol. 13 PI. 52 f. 
A. phalanta inhabits the whole of the Indian empire and extends northwards to Southern Japan. In 
Micromalayana the species extends eastwards to Letti and Kisser of the Timor group. ■— phalanta Drury (Vol. 1, 
p. 243, PI. 71 d) was discovered by me as new for Tonkin and Annam; a regular cosmopolitan, which is found 
everywhere, but nearly always in tatters, it appears in two distinct seasonal forms. The larger (the wetseason 
form —- phalanta -—) resembles the corresponding form of Cupha erymanthis in its brightly colored underside. 
The specimens of the dry-season form are much smaller and of a uniform dull clay-yellow beneath. In India 
up to 8000 ft., in fact at 12000 ft. it has been observed on Lantana and Jasmine flowers. Larva known since 
Horsfield (1829). — eolumbina Cr. is the somewhat larger and beneath somewhat darker race of China, which 
also occurs on Hainan. It sometimes wanders to Japan, where it has been found at Nagasaki. -— luzonica Fruhst. 
comes from the Philippines and has black markings on the uppersides almost twice as large as phalanta of the 
Indomalayan region. Larva according to Semper quite different from the Javanese and Indian, but from the 
figure, I believe, that a mistake has been made and that Semper received from Koch a Cupha arias larva. 
A. alcippe has its head quarters in the Malayan territory and is chiefly an inhabitant of the islands in 
contrast to the continental phalanta. It is more inclined to variation than phalanta and forms a large number 
of geographical races and is also subject to seasonal dimorphism. Specimens of the dry-season form are smaller, 
duller especially on the undersides and with reduced and consequently finer black marlings. Larva on Alsodeia 
zeylanica, Thwaites (Violacae), cylindrical with six rows of delicate branched spines. Head unarmed as in 
phalanta, body green with longitudinal interrupted brown and claret colored dorsal stripes; head yellowish with 
two black spots. The larva is just as restless and lively as that of phalanta. Pupa a minature edition of phalanta. 
In spite of the wide distribution of the species, it is very localized; Niceville for example had never seen a 
living Sikkim specimen, alcippe only occurs commonly in the Macromalayan region and even there one must 
except Java, where in the course of three years I only captured a few $$. — alcippoides Moore is found as a 
widely spread Malayan type from Sikkim to Tenasserim and the Malay peninsular as well as in Sumatra and 
according to Moore also on Borneo. I myself found it in the dry season in Siam in January and in the Karen 
Hills at the end of May. Uppersides dark yellow ochre in the generation of the Monsoon period, dull yellow in 
the dry season. The distal margin distinctly bordered with black; median line of the hindwings very delicate. 
Uppersides covered with delicate black spots and streaks. Sumatran CC sometimes with a light violet flush. 
Undersides with a whitish lightening and a purple flush on the hindwings. — ceylonica Mand. (107 g) is a fine 
form with considerably extended and unspotted border to the forewings. Very rare, first observed in 1902. — 
fraterna Moore comprises a paler race from the Nicobars with reduced black markings on the uppersides and a 
well marked whitish transverse band on the undersides. — andamana Fruhst. is near to fraterna Moore of the 
Nicobars and differs from Moore’s figure in the darker ground color and the increase in size of the black marks 
and bands, as also of the distal border. The discal bands of the hindwings more sharply angled, that at the 
end of the cell of the hindwings at least three times as broad. The most important difference is to be found 
on the forewings in the form of the black band before the apex of the cell, which is three times as broad, much 
extended outwards and strongly angled, and which is much straighter in fraterna. The black spots between the 
cell and the submedian are at least three times as large as in the Nicobar race. Characteristic for andamana is 
further the splendid violet sheen which only shews in streaks in daylight along the black median bands and 
the basal spots, especially on the uppersides of the hindwings. Andamans apparently rare. —■ enganica Fruhst. 
is seperated from all other forms from the Sunda Islands through the remarkably broad and straight black 
median band of the hindwings. But still more important is the fact, that with the exception of alcippe-cele- 
bensis, enganica is the only race, which has a continuous black median band on the hindwings. This is caused, 
phalanlha. 
eolumbina. 
luzonica. 
alcippe. 
alcippoides . 
ceylonica. 
fraterna. 
andamana. 
enganica. 
