Pitbl. 18. III. 1912. 
ISSORIA. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
473 
moved towards the hindmargin, so that the red-brown submarginal band appears to be considerably reduced. 
The subapical black spots on the forewings are smaller than in cervina, which is also the case with the red 
brown subapical spots. Two distinct bands cross the discal portion of the hind wings, of which the innermost 
is very irregular. The underside is more highly colored than cervina, especially the forewings, which exhibit 
a complete series of submarginal black streaks, which are barely indicated in cervina. Further the yellow¬ 
ish submarginal band of the uppersides shews distinctly through; both wings are crossed by a pale violet 
discal band and the black lines of the hind wings are much more pronounced than in cervina. German 
New-Guinea. — denosa subsp. nov. is a yellow-brown insect with a narrow black costa and a few dark denosa. 
stripes on the forewings. Hindwings with well developed distal border, a waved submarginal band and a 
series of black spots and stripes. Underside yellow-brown with a few narrow waved connecting streaks and 
a square spot in the anal angle. Hagen compares the $ with arruana Fldr. Occurs in the Bismarck Archipelago 
New Pommern, New Lauenburg. — ephyra Godm. Salv. is very close to denosa but the black border is ephyra. 
more complete; Solomons, Shortlands Islands and Bougainville. — arruana Fldr. a well defined Island race, arruana. 
G with extended apex, very thin submarginal and terminal lines on the forewings, which with the ex¬ 
ception of a black end to cell are without bore markings. Hindwings also with only slight indications of the 
submarginal spots. The $ however with the exception of the intermedian area of the forewings with rich 
grey brown bordering and spots on the upperside. Underside of the $ entirely violet, only the anal border 
of the forewings yellow-brown. $ with distinct white medial band and broad grey-violet streaks, Aru Islands. 
•— asinia Fruhst. a very specialized local race which inhabits the island of Wetter, has an extraordinary likeness asinia. 
to arruana Fldr. and in common with the latter, has the extraordinary washed out smoky brown border and 
the broad dark grey shaded apical portion of the forewings. asinia is easily distinguished from arruana on 
account of the rounder cut of the wings and the much darker apical portion of the forewings. The dark brown 
spot at the end of the cell of the forewings is darker than in arruana and does not form a smudge, but is com¬ 
posed of three closely connected squares. The discal band of the hindwings is straighter. Underside: the 
white submarginal band smaller, the discal and basal portions of the wings darker than in arruana', more¬ 
over the white discal band appears to be much reduced and the inner white discal zone of arruana is entirely 
wanting in asinia. Island of Wetter. 
9. Genus: Issoria Hbn. 
Outwardly easily distinguished from Cwpha by the distinct tails of the hindwings, it also exhibits re¬ 
markable differences in neuration. As in Atella the second subcostal branch arises much nearer the apex 
of the cell than in Cupha, and Issoria is differentiated from both the above genera by the less concave form 
of the middle discocellular vein of the forewings, which in conjunction with the hind one forms almost a straight 
line. Cell of the hindwings, long, narrow and distinctly closed. Issoria forms the connecting link bet¬ 
ween Atella and Cynthia, and bears great resemblance to the latter on account of the pointed forewings 
and its much livelier habits. The sole species is a rock insect, whose home is rocky hills. It loves to sit on 
bare rocks and on stones lying in the sun. It has a quick, nimble unsteady flight, and returns with delight 
to its chosen perch. According to Moore during the cold season in Burmah it is met Avith on the stony beds 
of dry river courses, where it always sits with extended wings. Dr. Pieters has discovered the younger 
stages in Java. Issoria is confined to the Indo-Australian region, but extends from Mussorie to further India, 
Hainan, the Philippines and on the islands from Makromalayana to the Solomons, Somoa and the Friendly 
Islands. It can be divided into two chief types, about which the various races can be grouped: the Indian- 
West Malayan forms resembling sinha, which occurs eastward to the Celebes, and the Moluccan-Papuan form 
resembling egista, between which the recently discovered forms from the Micromalayan territory can be. re¬ 
garded as intermediate. 
I. sinha Roll, resembles on the upper side macromalayana (107 e) it is of dull yellow color with extended, sinha. 
connected black spots in the cell and in the apex of the foreAving. The underside is composed of a mixture 
of white, yellow and redbrown zones, which are dusted over with grey-green in the anal angle. The white me¬ 
dian band, which is composed of a series of crescents is not so distinct as in the Moluccan races, with which how¬ 
ever it agrees in having a whitish transcellular patch in the forewings, but differs from them in having a pure 
Avhite spot in the cell, the size of which is constantly decreasing in a AVestward direction, but can still be ob¬ 
served in the Australian dwarf forms. Occurs up to 1000 m on the southern slopes of the Himalayas from 
Mussorie omvards, has not been observed further south than Orissa and is wanting in Southern India and 
Ceylon. It is knoAvn from the Mergui Archipeligo, but I personally did not find it in Tonkin *) and Annam, 
but I have specimens in my collection from Hainan **). — macromalayana subsp. nov. (107 e) differs from sinha macro- 
. malayana. 
*) Pavie found sinlm by Luang-Prabang. 
**) Larva on the same plant as the Larva of Cupha erymanthis synnara Fruhst. In its younger stages hardly to be 
distinguished from the latter. Pupa however easily distinguished through its specialization, very stiff and with wire shaped 
appendages, otherwise in shape and size it resembles the Cupha pupa. 
IX 
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