CYNTHIA. By H. Frtihstorfer. 
475 
broad yellow submarginal bands of the hindwing uppersides. The undersides are darker than egista, but much 
paler than offakci and the whitish violet discal spots are much enlarged. Key Islands, tenonia subsp. nov., 
in my collection from the spice island Banda is allied to alrita Fruhst. from Babber and Tenimber on account 
of the dull yellow-brown color as well as in the reduction of the black border markings of the upper side, 
which is even more marked than in CPram specimens. The whole coloring of the underside however is darker 
redbrown than in alrita, with a miniature copy of the white markings of egista. —• propiraqua MisJc., resembles 
in size and in the distribution of the back border of the outer margin' orfeda Fruhst. from Key; it differs from 
the nearly allied offalca by the increase of the yellow area beyond the cell of the forewings and on the hindwings 
the submarginal spots are almost entirely wanting. Underside not so dark as the Papuan forms, soft, flesh- 
colored, the subanal greenish flush more extended. Queensland somewhat rare. — scyllaria subsp. nov. is 
considerably smaller, cut of wings rounder with increased black markings, which are joined together transcel- 
lularly as in buruana. The yellow brown submarginal streak of the hindwings has a broad black margin. Un¬ 
derside differs considerably from propinqua, pale leather yellow with reddish yellow rings to the black sub¬ 
marginal spots and considerably reduced white markings. Lifu. -— egistina Quoy, comes from the Marianne 
Island Guam, is pale yellow on the uppersides to the middle of the wings, then dusted with black. Under¬ 
side with a greenish base to the forewings and a similar boundary to the white submarginal band. Hind¬ 
wings greenish white with red circumference to the black spots and a double row of subterminal mother-of- 
pearl coloured crescent shaped spots. — samoana subsp. nov. (107 e) an extremely pale form, underside en¬ 
tirely pale orange-red with a prominent white median wavy band, a whitish rudimentary bordering to the 
cells of the fore wings and a black streak on the subterminal intermedian vein of the hindwings. Otherwise 
with the exception if a few red spots and the usual very faint streak^ in the cells it is almost free from markings 
Samoa Islands, only a <$ in my collection, for which I have to thank Prof. Seitz. — bowdenia Btlr., according 
to the description has the wing shape of sinha Koll., but the color of egista, but is somewhat brighter than the 
latter. The black distal border of all wings narrower, the submarginal crescents not so distinct as in egista. 
Discal spots very small, obsolete and with red circumference. Friendly Islands. —- gaberti Guer., agrees with 
samoana (107 e) but is smaller and more brightly colored on the underside. Island of Tahiti. — shortlandica 
subsp. nov. is also allied to egista, but the general tone is not redbrown but dirty yellow, the black spotting of 
the upper side not so distinct and the underside paler than specimens of egista from Ceram; Habitat Solomons, 
Shortland Island very rare. 
10. Genus: Cynthia F. 
y 
In many respects one of the most interesting Nymphalid families, principly on account of the exten¬ 
sive sexual dimorphism, its extreme susceptibility to climatic influence, which exhibits itself in highly modi¬ 
fied seasonal forms and then the inclination to form geographical races, which increases from West to East and 
which chiefly effects the otherwise conservative female sex. In the- Macromalayan Region one can also distin¬ 
guish forms with long tails to the hindwings and weak markings on the underside which effect the lowlands 
as compared with alpine forms with rounded wings and sharply defined undersides. 
The genus can be recognized at the first glance on account of the size of its species and differs from 
all others in the position of the two first subcostal branches, which are here close together and arise from almost 
the same spot at the end of the cell. The first branch is also partly joined to the costal vein; branches 2 and 
4 arise close together almost in the tip of the wing. The cell of the forewing is closed by a week crossvein, which 
meets the median vein at the base of the 2nd branch, those of the hindwings are open. The $$ how¬ 
ever possess a fold of skin between the median and the lower radial veins similar to the Genus Terinos, which 
in unsealed specimens could be easily mistaken for the rear discocellular vein; but the latter is here comple¬ 
tely rudimentary. The precostal, forked at the end, arises behind the base of the subcostal. The rear discocel¬ 
lular vein of the forewings ends in the male further from the forking of the fore- and middle median veins than 
in the $ (resemblance to constant analogous variation in the Genus Terinos) and some species of the Genus 
Argynnis. Eyes naked; Antennae with gradually thickening sharply pointed clubs. Palpi only weekly ex¬ 
tended, hairy and with a few stiff bristles. The races of the Papuan region are distinguished by a broad border 
of dark grey dull shining modified scales, which form a considerable contrast to the deep black submarginal 
streaks. Behind the veins of the forewing uppersides black andriconia are situated, which are enclosed in a 
fold, which Dr. Haase has noticed. 
Cynthia stands quite isolated in its genital organs and differs from all the former Genera in its well 
developed uncus, the presence of a scaphium and the complicated valves adorned with dorsal appendages. As 
is the case with the Imago, these organs are subject to considerable geographical variation; in the westward 
forms the uppermost valve horn is directed ventrally downwards, that is to say bent strongly downwards, 
but in the eastern races it is either fingershaped, almost straight, or first inclined upwards and then bent 
tenonia. 
propinqua. 
scyllaria. 
egistina. 
samoana. 
bowdenia. 
gaberti. 
shortlan¬ 
dica. 
