CYNTHIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
477 
in the year (February, March), when certain trees are covered with new leaves. The butterflies which emerge 
from hibernated pupae, lay their eggs on the buds of young twigs from which the young larvae cpiickly emerge, 
feed easily from the juicy young leaves, and change to pupae during the course of one month, and then lie 
dormant for 11 months, until the coming spring causes the butterfly to emerge and thus to complete its life-cycle. 
—- salome Nicev. comprises a well established local form in the southern Indies, which is a transition to a-sela salome. 
(109 b), but which in the wet-season form has a somewhat narrower white central band on a dark green in¬ 
stead of a blue ground. The is moreover larger and has more pronounced black lines than asela and erota <$, 
but wants however the median wavy line on the forewings. The dry-season form agrees with pur a, but the 
splendid white central area is distally dusted with green and the basal portion of all wings sometimes dark 
sometimes light green and not blue toned as in pur a. Larva pale yellow marbled with brown ; head black with 
yellow V shaped mark. Pupa grotescpiely formed, with two batswing like appendages on each side and 
an angled protuberance on the head. Color pale- or dark brown with two rows of subdorsal silver 
spots on the thorax and three pairs of green spots on the abdominal segments. Fairly common from 
July onwards through the wet-season in the Kanara-District and is always present where remains of the primeval 
forest are extant. The prefer lull-tops where they play in the sun, the $ in flying resembles through its 
color Parthenos virens, but does not dash about so wildly. -—- asela Moore (109 b) is a well distinguished race asda. 
from the island of Ceylon where it is not rare in certain districts and inhabits not only the plains, but also the 
moderately high central mountains where it favours inpassible jungle in the neighbourhood of water. somewhat 
like the CC of C. erota fa. pura, relatively small with faded but still distinguishable median crescents on 
the forewings, on the underside not so bright as salome. $ a beautiful blue with brown submarginal area on 
the hindwings. Underside similar to salome , that is to say with very distinct black streaks and a whitish median 
area. Larva pale yellow, ventrally reddish brown. Segments striped with brown with black spirals as well 
as two dorsal and two lateral thorns, which arise from a red base. Puj^a pale reddish-brown, head short and 
thick with two short points, thorax bent upwards. The front abdominal segments prolonged to wing-like appen¬ 
dages, the anal segment with two long extensions. — pallida Stgr. resembles asela very much in the female sex, pallida. 
but the white median area of the forewings extends to the black submarginal band and on the hindwings the 
white central band extends to the rear median vein, so that a design is formed similar to the C. erota fa. pura $, 
whereas on the other hand in salome and asela there is a mere rudiment of the band, which ends at the rear 
radial vein and is more or less dusted over with green. The <$ however is coloured in agreement with the name, 
as it exhibits a pale yellow ground-color with faded black markings. The underside of the C is otherwise 
as in pura <$$. Andamans, apparently not common, as Moore has not figured this otherwise very distinct 
island race and has not mentioned it. — hainana Holl. is connected with the forms from the con- hainana. 
tinental area and was described from a $ of the dry-season form. The $ is still unknown and I 
have only one $ before me, undoubtedly a product of the dry season, which confirms Holland’s 
data in every respect. Outline somewhat more rounded, upp* rside beautiful dull red-brown with 
extraordinary white dusting in the apical region of the forewings and the anal distal border of the hindwings. 
The median black markings are wanting as in the most extreme forms of erota fa. pura CS and the remaining 
longitudinal lines are all extremely delicate. Underside reddish with very large apical white spots on the fore¬ 
wings and very weak longitudinal streaks. — With erotella Bull, commences an almost similar series of Macro- erotella. 
malayan races, which again can be divided into forms from the plains and alpine varieties. $ smaller than 
C. erota <$$ somewhat redder and the apical area extended and dusted with black. Undersides with distinct 
redbrown longitudinal bands, of which the submarginal wavy line is especially noticeable. $ resembles very 
much the $ of the wet-season form of erota, but is somewhat smaller, shape of wings rounder, the tails thinner. 
The ochre colored postdiscal border of the hindwings is elistally more sharply defined, and does not coalesce 
with the greenish border. The white median bands, smaller and compacter and not divided by the veins as 
in erota. Underside paler, without sharply defined lines. ■—- As cantori Dist. a <$ has been described, which pro- canton. 
bably represents an alpine race. Anyhow 22 are before me from Perak, which certainly belong to a mountain 
form and which differ from Distants Fig. 2 on PI. 10 of ,,Rhopalocera Malayana“, which represents a normal $ 
of the plains, in having the white discal band of the forewings composed of three parts, the white band of the 
hindwings twice as broad and a pale yellow instead of brown submarginal area. The brown bands of the wing- 
undersides are sharply defined and the inner submarginal band is straight, that is to say is not bent. To this $ 
form no doubt the cantori belongs. Cantori $ differs from the form montana from Borneo in the broad white 
bands of all wings and in the pale yellow submarginal zone of the hind wings. Malayan Peninsular. - — natunensis natunensis 
Fruhst. (108 e) The erota race of the Natuna Island, is smaller than erutella Btlr. and dejakorum Fruhst. The 
specimens resemble very much fa. cantori Dist. but the black discal bands especially of the hindwings are hea¬ 
vier, as also the post discal band, which is composed of five sharply pointed spots and which reach to the second 
median branch. The inner submarginal band of the hindwings is further from the margin. The ocelli are very 
much larger than in cantori and erotella. On the undersides the discal band is also much more sharply defined 
and the submarginal band extends to the anal angle of the forewings. The ocelli of the hindwings are larger 
and distinct ly pupilled with black and white. Natuna. — dejakorum Fruhst. The from the tableland of Borneo dejakorum 
