478 
CYNTHIA. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
differ from the erotella $ as figured by Distant and from a $ in my collection through the smaller size and the 
reduction of the white discal band. The color of the hindwings is paler and the undersides much paler than 
Malakka specimens, moreover the underside is not so intensively marked with red brown, but the markings 
are faded. Compared with the $ of erotoides Nicev. the white discal band of the forewings appears to be 
montana. much narrower and the ocelli smaller. Tableland of North and South Borneo. — montana Fruhst. is founded 
upon $$ of the mountain form from Ivina-Balu. The white median area of the forewings is divided as in erota $$ 
and diminishes in some examples towards the costal margin, where it is then dusted over with green. Base of 
wings darker grenn than dejakorum from the plains and cantori $$.from Perak; underside brightly colored 
beautifully striped with redbrown, the white central area is distally someAvhat more sharply defined than in 
the cantori 9?, but not so sharply as in the javana fa. gedeana Fruhst. resembles generally C. erotella Bull. 
and fa. cantori ££, they are smaller than dejakorum and the redbrown lines heavier. Kina-Balu, Mount 
erotoides. Mulu. -— erotoides Nicev., comprises a local race from the plains of Samatra, which differs very little from ero¬ 
tella ; the d 1 cannot be seperated from that of erotella by any constant character and the $ has perhaps slightly 
broader white bands. In retaining the name, I only do so, because in Samatra an alpine form occurs, which 
is very distinct from cantori from Perak and montana from Borneo; but the genital organs compared with 
battaka. erota, witli the exception of a hardly noticeable basal thickening, exhibit no differences. It is battaka Mart., 
which was originally regarded as a good species, and to which conclusion one could be easily misled on account 
of the extraordinary shortened wingshape of the d'd'. The <$<$ have a broader black dusting along the distal border 
and on the undersides the wings are divided into a red basal and a yellow distal half by a remarkably heavy 
median line. The $ on the undersides has no white central band as in the $$ of C. erotella and erotoides, but 
is faded yellow-ochre with a somewhat lighter reddish basal half than the <$<$. Uppersides with a much 
broader and very beautiful yellow median area, which on the forewings is extended to the black sub marginal 
lines and on the hindwings gradually coalesces with the yellowbrown distal border. According to Hag ex erotoides 
is not at all a common insect, which usually sails about with rapid flight and only rarely visits the flowers of 
Lantana in the morning hours. In the midday heat however, the <$$ sit very regularly at moist spots on roads 
and ditches and are then easily captured. One $ is caught to 10 to 15 battaka however inhabits solely the 
high tablelands and lies before me from the Padang Bovenland. Its $$ however are rarer or more difficult 
to obtain and Hagen reckons one to 30 males, a far to high percentage, as amongst many hundred I only 
received one yellow $ described above. ■—- The possibilities of modification exhibited by this species are much 
more interesting in Java than in Samatra, where besides the alpine races, two lowland races can be distinguis- 
javana. hed, a western and an eastern form; of which javana Fruhst. the variation of the rainy western area, is nearly 
allied to erotoides, but exhibits the typical Javanese lightened coloring. The therefore appear paler red¬ 
brown with somewhat less developed black markings, on the undersides not so variegated, but of a wonderful 
and regular red. The $ is easily distinguished by the yellowish green base and the pale yellow orange border 
zone of the hindwings. Coast of Western Java, especially common in the bay of Palabuan and the South Coast 
of the Island during the rainy month of January, where large colonies are always collected around the puddles 
gedeana. and the banks of the woodland streams. —- gedeana Fruhst. a mountain form, which differs from the other 
dark alpine °f the remaining Macromalayan region on account of the consistent yellow ground color, also 
of the base of the forewings. Owing to the thrice subdivided white band of the forewings it bears greater resem¬ 
blance to the $ form cantori Dist. of Malakka than to battaka Mart. The gedeana $ has on the undersides of the 
forewings the purest white and at the same time the most intensely brown bands. The specimens are always 
smaller than the alpine $9 from Borneo and Malakka; also in them and in their the inner submarginal 
band of the forewings runs perfectly straight. The $<$ agree most with battaka Mart., on account of the broad 
hindwings and the blunt anal folds, they are however smaller and the apical portion not so extensively suffused 
varna. with darkbrown. —- varna subs/), nov. has almost entirely obsolete black markings on the uppersides and a 
pale red weakly lined underside as compared with West-Javan specimens. The $ reminds one of the austro- 
sundana $ (108 e), uppersides colored somewhat like the wet-season of erota. All wings light yellow-ochre 
with black shading on the borders. Median band much more extended than in austrosundana, and not distinctly 
relieved from the surrounding yellow ground color. Undoubtedly a product of the dry-season, but already 
designating a transition to the forms of the Micromalayan Region. East Java up to 600 m. Probably also 
orahilia. occuring on Bali, from which C. erota has not yet been recorded in literature. •—- orahilia Kheil (108 e) $ differs 
from ertoides through the absence of the black submarginal lines and the border dusting of the fore wings. Under¬ 
side reminding one of javana Fruhst., on account of the faded color. $ especially characteristic on account 
of the prominent black wavy bands, which break up the white central area of the forewings and, in comparison 
with the other Macromalayan the very narrow median band of the hindAvings, on account of which a rela- 
kohana. tionship with austrasundana is established. Isle of Nias. — kohana Fruhst. In this local race we find a darkening 
of the upperside combined with a remarkable lightening of the undersides. Kohana a small island form with 
extremely long and pointed tails, is nearest allied to orahilia Kheil., from Nias, from which it is easily separated 
