Tull. IS. III. 1912. 
CYNTHIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
481 
two black spots on the sides. The thorns standing above the stigma are brown with yellow points, those 
below yellow. On the last segment two spines directed backwards. Pupa with two fanshaped protuberances 
similar to those which are found to a lesser degree in Cethosia. Pupal life in Manila 9 days. Time of flight 
according to Semper during the whole year especially from December to February and then from May to Oc¬ 
tober. North Philippines. — kschattryia subsp. nov. here designates the race of the island of Bazilan, because IcschaUryia. 
it best bears the special characteristics of the South Philippine erota through the redder ground color of the 
uppersides of the q r? with their marked submarginal spots on the forewings, the bright red basal half and the 
rich purple shining distal portion of the undersides. The CC before me from Mindanao are identical except 
for slightly less pronounced black markings. Semper possesses an interesting $ from Camiguin on Mindanao, 
which has a much narrower white band on the forewings than dejone Er. from Vigan and Polillo. Forewings 
lightly, hindwings entirely suffused with yellow-ochre. The median bands however still appear broader than 
in those of the above mentioned C. erota basania from the Jolo-Islands. 
C. obiensis Rothsch. (109 a C$) differs from all other forms in the <$ in the apical portion of the forewings obiensis. 
being almost without markings and in the prominent oblique and not upright black median band of both wings 
The $ is especially distinguished by the pure white central area of the forewings, which broardens towards the 
costal margin and whose place is taken on the hindwings by a beautiful orange colored area, which encloses 
two large black, distally blue pupilled eyespots. Undersides of the Erf basally firey red, which merges into 
a dark purple violet towards the margin in some specimens. The median band of the uppersides repeats 
itself, but is not so striking and has a bluish tone. $ with not quite po sharply defined white area on the fore¬ 
wings and the hindwings with broarcler red-brown bands on the yellowbrown ground-colour. Uncus somewhat 
shorter, basally somewhat more thickened than in erota and austrosundana ; the harpes however has a simi¬ 
larity to that of austrosundana owing to the upper poilit being bent slightly downwards. Valve in general 
somewhat broader than in arsinoe. Inhabits the island of Obi; discovered by W. Doherty and a few speci¬ 
mens sent to me by Waterstradt. 7 qC and 2 9? in my collection. 
C. arsinoe is removed from all the forms of the erota group by the larger ocelli of the hind¬ 
wings and by the much broken or zaczac shaped median bands of the forewings of the <$<$; the more varie¬ 
gated $, and the extreme potential geographical variability at quite short distances. It appears however 
as if all the varying races of erota are not under the influence of Horodimorphism. Anatomically arsinoe can 
be seperated from erota by the exactly horizontal upper valve point, the long distal end of the scaphium, which 
is drawn out to a long pencil-shaped peg and the basally somewhat thickened valve, which has a more coni¬ 
cal than cylindrical shape. Distribution from the Moluccas to the Solomon Islands. — arsinoe Cr. (109 c) arsinoe. 
the name type inhabits Amboina and the Uliasser. The CC belong to the most characteristic Moluccan butter¬ 
flies and are never wanting in a collection from there, the $$ however are rare, somevdiat smaller than the 
C of buruensis (109 c) somewhat duller, with a complete row of black submarginal spots, straight subterminal 
and missing submarginal bands. Underside of the rf somewhat unicolorous bright reddish-yellow, extending 
to the distal area, but somewhat clouded with dark violet. Two $$ in the Fruhstorfer collection are pro¬ 
nounced coffee-brown beneath with redbrown transverse bands and whitish submarginal area, on which the 
markings of the upper side are repeated in a paler form. • — ardea subsp. nov. differs in the male sex only in ardea. 
having somewhat paler yellow uppersides and on the undersides by a somewhat darker purple distal area 
of the hindwings; $ however easily recognized by the cream-components of the treble median band of the fore¬ 
wings and the lighter green submarginal zone of the hindwings. Undersides paler than in arsinoe, the border 
area of the wings yellowish in tone without the white insertions of the Amboina and Saparua specimens. Ce¬ 
ram. — buruana Fruhst. (109 c misprinted as buruensis ) is much larger, has more pointed wings and longer tails buruana. 
than the typical arsinoe from Ceram and Amboina, and it is also larger than dorokusana Fruhst., which it resem¬ 
bles on the underside. On the uppersides they are easily distinguished from arsinoe and from Halmaheira 
specimens through the cliscal band of broad black crescents, which extends through the whole of the fore¬ 
wings and which are situated between the angled cellular and the submarginal bands. Described from 3 C3 
from Mt. Mada, Buru collected in September 1898, the $ is still unknown. — figalea Fruhst. (109 b as figalia) figalea. 
the arsinoe form from the island of Obi is widely clevergent, as well from dorokusana of the Northern Muluccas 
as also from arsinoe of the Southern Moluccas. The wings are rounder, the hindwing-tails shorter and blunter. 
The submarginal bands of the forewings much reduced, in some specimens almost entirely obsolete, but in their 
place the black submarginal spots are in some specimens much better developed than in dorokusana. The 
hindwings are characterized by small black ocelli, of which the front one is sometimes ringed with yellow. The 
submarginal spots of the hindwings are not connected as in dorokusana, but form independant crescents, of 
which the middle and anal spots appear much broarcler than in arsinoe. The very sharply defined black dis- 
cal band of the forewings is also remarkable. The cell streaks are also distincter than in the other Moluccan 
arsinoe. The black discal band of the hindwings is not so inclined inwards towards the anus as in arsinoe 
Cr. but runs straighter. The undersides of the wings are characterized by a sharply defined, redbrown basal 
region, which is paler yellow brown in dorokusana. The cellular streaks are narrower but more instensely 
IX 
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