CYNTHIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
483 
white band has gained considerably in size. Fergusson, d’Entrecasteaux-Islands. — polykaste Fruhst. (’109 c). polykaste. 
As I have already several times remarked, the islands of the Trobriand group in the neighbourhood of d Entre- 
casteaux Island have a very speciallized Lepidopterous fauna. Hypolimnas and Cethosia on both groups of 
islands have formed very characteristic local races and the same is also the case with Cynthia , which in the 
Papuan region has always a strong inclination to variation. As is quite apparent from the geographical situa¬ 
tion, the Cynthia from the Trobriand Islands has departed more from the type of the chief island New-Guinea 
than the more nearly situated Fergusson. polykaste has by far the darkest $$ of all the hitherto known races 
of arsinoe. For instance the submarginal band of the fore wings has already become yellowish grey and the 
median band is composed of very narrow helmet spots, which are also dusted with yellow scales. On the hind 
wings the costal spots are yellowish grey instead of white. All the wings are almost equally greenish brown, 
whereas in pisidike the forewings are grey-brown and the hindwings light reddish yellow; the black sub marginal 
bands of polykaste are darker than in pisidike. The undersides strange to say, on account of the red brown 
white and yellow markings are nearer to ada of New-Guinea, but the white bands are narrow and very much 
thinner than pisidike. The $$ differ noticeably from ada and pisidike <$$ hi the heavily formed black sub¬ 
marginal spots and the more highly colored undersides. The yellow median spots of all wings are insignifi¬ 
cant when compared with the allied forms. $ expanse 45 mm $ 56 mm. Iviriwina Trobriand-Island. — On 
Woodlark Island a form related to polykaste occurs, which was collected by Montrouzier in 1857, but which is not 
before me, but which is recorded by Butle r from there (Proc. Zoolog. Soc. 1874 p. 284). Of the local races from the 
Bismarck Archipelago some are closely related to the Papuan types, others again have more resemblance to the forms 
from the Solomons, which latter even give the impression of being distinct species, the younger stages being diffe¬ 
rent to rebeli, but the markings shew a return to the races of the South Moluccas. — Semina Ribbe (melena Fruhst.) lemina. 
from New-Mecklenburg has in the male sex larger black submarginal crescents on the hindwing uppersides. The 
$ is easily seperated from rebeli from Finschhafen and the Astrolabe-Bay on account of the pure white cen¬ 
tral band of the forewings, which is more extended in front. The hindwings have almost the same dull yellow- 
brown color as rebeli <$$ from Finschhafen and only differ from these in the white lining of the submarginal 
region, which extends to the front median vein, but is wanting in rebeli. Underside brighter than rebeli $ 
with paler basal region of all wings. — insula ris Godm. and Salv. comprises a distinct variation from the Pa- insularis. 
puan type. $ relatively small and on the underside similar to polykaste'. ^ base of forewings olivegreen with 
hardly noticeable reddish flush, that of the hindwings beautifully suffused with rust-red. The white central area 
of the fore wings narrow and accompanied proximally by a sharp black defining line. The hindwings are tra¬ 
versed for their whole length by a white submarginal band, which surrounds the greenish yellow pupilled ocelli 
and very much resemble those of sapor from the Solomons. The underside is divided by a redbrown central 
line into a flesh-colored basal and an almost pure white distal zone. From New Pommern in my collection; 
described by the author from New-Lauenburg. — cafenes Godm. and Salv. resembles arsinoe and is similarly catenes. 
colored, but is smaller. Beneath the inner submarginal line is much sharper, on the hindwings the transverse 
line through the cell is bordered with pale yellow-red outwardly and the hindwings are flushed with lilac. So¬ 
lomons. St. Anna Island. The district of this Cynthia is divided from that of C. arsinoe by that of C. sapor, 
which inhabits several intermediate islands and through C. clodia from Ulawa Island. — Sapor is by far the 
most differentiated form from all other Cynthias and it is extraordinary, that it inhabits the islands lying bet¬ 
ween New-Guinea and the Solomons, whereas the two Cynthia forms from the latter are nearly related to the 
true arsinoe. — clodia Godm. and Salv. Also related to arsinoe, hindwings with much broader inner submar- clodia. 
ginal line, the area between the ocelli almost brown; undersides the inner submarginal sharper. Solomons, 
Ulana Island. — The $ exhibits sufficient differences for a separation: is closest allied to catenes but is larger 
and wants on the underside the lilac tone, which the other forms possess. The inner of the two submarginal 
lines is broarder and sharper, both above and below. Both races are unknown to me personally, wherefore I 
have recapitulated the original description. 
C. sapor Godm. and Salv. is closely related to the Papuan arsinoe races through certain $$ forms of some sapor. 
of the island races, but the early stages discovered by Ribbe and figured by him (Iris 1895 PI. 3 fig. 1 and 2 
are so different from those of C. arsinoe rebeli Fruhst. from New-Guinea, that sapor is here regarded as a se¬ 
parate species. The terminal border, which in the Papuan races of arsinoe are broard with shining modified 
scales has only a very narrow border of androconia and the hindwings differ from all known Cynthias in the 
pure white subanal intermedian area of the uppersides, which is also extended to the area between the two sub¬ 
marginal waved lines. $ according to the island on which it occurs on the upper side dark brown or more or 
less pale olive green in general tone and the fore wings traversed by rows of white or greenish yellow crescents. 
The larvae which live together in communities on bushes remind one on account of their lively movements of 
the European Vanessa larva. It is black, with yellow dorsal stripes and red legs and has six rows of finely 
branched thorns. Of these four rows are red with black points, whereas the lateral rows are yellow with black 
