486 
CIRROCHROA. By H. Frith storfer. 
slightly shew through. Central area of both wings shorter than in sibylla, broakler than in fasciata, richer 
yellow. Undersides with slate-grey darker outer area from which on the forewings a complete row of black 
spots stand out. The pale submarginal wavy lines similar to fasciata, but they do not broarden as is the case 
with sibylla. Recently mimicus was discovered on the mountain Gelu at about 1000 m by Dr. Eugen Werner 
in the back country of the Astrolabe-Bay. A U is present in the Fruhstorfer collection. 
Group Cirrochroa Dbld. 
The species belonging to this group are generally larger, as a rule have not rounded apexes to the fore¬ 
wings as in Ducapa, but have a more or less produced apex. Median area very much enlarged, one species 
with oblique bands to the forewings. The genus Cirrochroa is indigineous to the Macromalayan region, and 
the same species occur not only on the Malay Peninsular but also on Samatra, Java and Borneo. This fact is 
frequently repeated amoung the butterflies, for example in the genus Hestia as also in other insects such a Or- 
thoptera. Many of these species do not go further east than Java, and are wanting on the small Sunda Is¬ 
lands, not even on Bali. Their occurance is therefore determined by a geographical law and geographical 
boundaries. Most unusual is their conduct in the Mayal Peninsular to about the neighbourhood of Tenas- 
serim. This district has many more species in common with Samatra and Borneo, than with the continent 
of India and all the forms which occur give the impression of being island races. It is therefore not improbable, 
that the present peninsular was formerly seperated by an arm of the sea in the neighbourhood of Tenasserim, 
possibly in connection with Samatra or as an individual island. It is however also possible, that on account of 
the comparitive narrowness of the region, that the conditions of maritime climatic influence are present, which 
are otherwise only to be found on islands. It is a fact, that the peninsular has far greater relationship to 
the fauna of the Sunda Islands than with the continent and in establishing this fact, it was more especially the 
Genus Cirrochroa, which gave am impetus to the designation “Macromalayana”, which comprises the Malay 
Peninsular and the three largest Sunda Islands with their attributes in apposition to the Micromalayana region, 
which compresses the lesser Sunda Islands (and commences with Bawean and not as was formerly imagined 
with Bali). 
iyche. C. tyche is the most westernly Cirrochroa, which inhabits the whole of the oriental region from Sikkim 
to Hainan and the Philippines. The species reaches its highest state of developement on the Philippines where 
the $$ forms differing most from the are to be found. On the continent and on Java the species is under 
the influence of seasonal dimorphism and we know $ forms which on the one hand have a pale yellow-ochre 
cj-like form and a dark redbrown form differing from the (J. On Palawan the light form assumes a whitish 
median coloring. All local races, in fact all Cirrochroas have a white square median spot on the costal border 
of the forewings in common. Forewings with two, hindwings with three submarginal black wavy lines, a median 
band is also always present, which is either wanting in the or is very weakly indicated. The black row of 
spots on the hindwings, another constant character in Cirrochroa, very rarely varies; they generally appear 
most highly developed in the Philippine races, and weakest in the dry-season forms of the continent. Under¬ 
sides have always a proximal white or violet flushed redbrown transverse band, which in the dry-season forms 
is frequently blue or purple. Distally from it, the markings of the upperside are repeated on the underside, 
but all the black wavy lines are here colored yellow and the intermedian shading on the forewings is wanting. 
mithila. — mithila Moore resembles on the uppersides except in the more rounded apex to the forewings a small aoris 
(108 a), but the $ is more like the $ and both sexes darken as they go eastwards and my Tonkin specimens are 
very similar to the insular anjira Moore, Bingham also confirms this of the Tenasserim <$<$. $ underside al¬ 
ways reddish yellow, $ more sandy grey, sometimes with a blue instead of yellowish median band. Sikkim, 
Assam, Tenasserim, Bengal but very rare there in the plains. I found mithila in the whole of the Indo-Chinese 
region and commonest in Siam; Pavie found a related form at Luang Prabang. From Tonkin I only possess 
them in the wet-season form, whereas in Siam I only found the paler and much smaller specimens of the dry - 
season form. It seems to me not improbable, that the more richly coloured, extremely broad black bor¬ 
dered Tonkin form may belong to a local race. In Tonkin mithila produces dimorphic The normal $$ 
are dark yellow-ochre the rarer form pale clay coloured. From Chiem-Hoa (August-September) a remarkable 
latitaenia. melanotic $ aberration is before me. — - latitaenia form. nov. In this form the two black submarginal bands 
have coalesced and the intermediate space is not yellow but black. On the hindwings the inner submarginal 
band is entirely wanting and in its place the distal is extremely broardened. The discal bands of all wings 
are obsolete. The undersides also shew great divergence. The yellow submarginal band of all wings and the 
yellow discal bands are at least three times as broard as in normal specimens, but the inner submarginal band 
anjira. is wanting. - anjira Moore, a melanotic island race is on the uppersides intensive dark reddish yellow all the black 
rotundata. bands are more distinct and the undersides more highly colored. Andamans not rare. - —- rotundata is on the 
mu 
