488 
CIRROCHROA. By H. Frtthstoreer. 
all the black borders and bands paler. The undersides are paler and the submarginal bands of all wings 
massalia. have a paler yellow instead of redbrown tone. — rnassalia Fruhst. (108 a) from the South of elebes differs 
from typical thule owing to the fact, that the submarginal bands of the undersides of all wings in spite of the 
smaller size of the specimens are very much broarder and pale yellow, instead of red brown. The yellow (fis¬ 
cal bands of the undersides are more sharply waved, on the forewings narrower towards the costa, but on the 
hindwings with broarder white bordering than in the dry-season form from Tondano. The $ although caught 
in the middle of the rainy season, is much paler than the $ from North-Celebes. The submarginal zone and the 
costal margin are pale grey. The discal band of the hindwings much broader and bordered with grey. 
The black postdiscal spots of the hindwings are much larger and the submarginal wavy bands not dark yellow, 
but a peculiar greenish grey. South Celebes, Samanga, November, ^ Patunuang, January collected by my¬ 
self; East Celebes in the British Museum. 
C. aoris is one of the commonest butterflies from Sikkim to Assam and flies there from April to Decem- 
cioris. ber from the plains to an altitude of 2000 m. aoris Dbl. (108 a) was based upon the wet-season form figured 
jiraria. by us, the extremely divergent dry-season form has been named jiraria Swinh. smaller, paler yellow, all 
the median lines and spots of the forewing uppersides are either wanting or very weakly indicated. $ resembles 
the <$, darker yellow, with slightly paler median bands. Underside of the £ either uniform dull yellow or sandy 
grey with the usual black spots on the hindwings, which are smaller above, otherwise with faded and 
almost unrecognizable transverse markings. ^ grey with faded but still recognizable blackish purple bands. 
abnormis. — As abnormis Moore an aberration was described with stronger developed central band of the d'. A complete 
hemophrodite left right $ of wetseason coloration is in the Fruhstorfer collection. Besides the <3$ fi¬ 
gured by Moore (Lepidoptera indica pi. 364) and by us, there is a wet-season form of the <§ with a straw colo- 
stramen- red median ziczac band on the forewings (stramenticia jorm.nov.) Sikkim, Assam to the Naga-Hills. — oli- 
livacea' vacea Nicev. is a darker and habitually smaller race from Burmah the Shan States and Tenasserim and is 
characterized by broarder black distal borders to the forewings and a more distinct, but straighter median 
band in the $. The yellowish or whitish submarginal area of the forewings, shews as a broard space and the 
central area of the undersides is more sharply defined. — From the Karen-Hills, time of flight March to Octo¬ 
ber. Probably also occuring in Tonkin, already noticed by Abbe Joiiannis from Cao Bang 1901, but not 
found there by me. 
C. thais replaces C. aoris in the South Indian region, where it is more inclined than the former species 
to form seasonal forms. Larva on Hydnocarpus wightianus flowers, black with dull oily sheen, with the ex¬ 
ception of the head and anus which are light brown. Pupa yellow, with white Aving-cases and a large number 
of small black spots. Back with tAvo toavs of bent thorns and long hairy points, which stand out sidewards 
from the head, thorax and the Aving-cases. Time of developement from July to August and September. The 
larvae sit on the outer delicate ends of the twigs, fall to the ground on the slightest disturbance and are then 
difficult to obtain, even though the common Hydnocarpus tree is constantly surrounded by egg-laying females. 
In captivity the larvae are very obstinate, wander round and frequently refuse their food. Butterflies from 
the plains up to 6000 ft. fluttering in light woods from tree to tree and occasionally sitting Avitli half-opened 
thais. and lightly moving wings. - — thais F. (= thea Goclt., swinhoe But/.), is based on the wet-season form resembles 
cognata (107 g), but the distal border of the forewings is not so regularly black and broad, but give a distinct 
reddish submarginal band place for developement. $ somewhat larger than the with somewhat paler 
median zone to the forewings. Underside reddish, with the white bordered central bands perpendicular, al- 
relata. most ruled with a ruler, which is enlarger towards the costa and is proximally irregularly toothed. — relata 
Nicev. is the paler dry-season form with reduced black borders, which is colored pale yellow on the undersides 
and sometime has a purple instead of white transverse band. South India, from North-Kanara district to the 
tanka. Malabar and Coromandel coasts and the Nilgiris. ■— lanka Moore is also divided into two well recognizable sea¬ 
sonal forms, which are so divergent, that Niceville regarded them as four species even up to 1899. The name 
lanka ; comprises the analogous form to relata of the dry-season Avdiereas the broad black bordered Avet-season 
cognata. form figured of the Monsoon period is comprised under cognata Moore. Both forms are common on the island 
of Ceylon, and go up the mountains up to 1800 m. Larva broAvn with purple flush, beneath yelloAvish. Head 
yellow, with black spots on forehead, body with two dorsal roAvs of finely branched thorns and two lateral 
toavs of fine spines. Pupa pale bluish red, black spotted with long dorsal tubercles and two thorns on the tho¬ 
rax, head bifurcate. 
C. surya comprises the natural continuation of the former species in further India, but the outline 
of the wings of the $ is rounder and without projecting apex as in thais and the undersides are brighter, more 
surya. resembling those of C. tyche mithila Moore. Tavo local races: surya from Upper and LoAver Tenasserim and 
the Mergui. 
