Publ. 25. III. 1912. 
CIRROCHROA. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
489 
Archipelago. In both sexes the end of the cell on the upper surface of the forewings is but slightly marked with 
black and the median line quite indistinct. According to Moore it is found at elevations up to 6000 ft, from December 
until April. — siamensis Fruhst. (107 g as surya ) closely approaches thais lanlca Moore from Ceylon, but differs in siamensis. 
the following way: The wings of the cTcd are more rounded than in surya , with quite heavy black submarginal and 
discal fasciae on the upper surface. The forewings are adorned with three black streaks beyond the cell which are 
embedded between costa and the first median and have the appearance of long sharp wedges, which gradually 
dissolve into a few scattered scales as they approach the cell. On the under surface it differs from surya in that the 
black discal band on the forewing is strongly undulate anteriorly, while in surya it follows a straight line. The fore- 
wing shows at the anal angle two rather large black spots which in surya are yellowish. The basal half of both 
wings is dull in siamensis , wheras in surya it shows a violet lustre. The submarginal band on the hindwings of 
siamensis is more distinct and bright yellow. The ? differs from the c? in that the distal margin of the forewings 
is more broadly black and the discal bands more strongly undulate; furthermore the base of both wings is darker 
brown-yellow. Under surface: The median fascia on the forewing is red-brown instead of black and more strongly 
dentate. The under surface is more richly shaded with violet-white than in the cf. From Rangkok, where I en¬ 
countered this pretty species in the gardens on the right border of the Menam River in January. Rather scarce. 
C. nicobarica Wood.-Mas. forms the transition from the continental species to the Macromalayan forms, nicobarica. 
cf above resembling C. calypso (108b) from which it differs in having the black spots on the hindwings more 
distinct. On the under surface it is distinguished from all the other species by the lack of the white 
longitudinal band on the forewings which are only crossed by an oblique brown line. The hindwings however 
bear a prominent white vertical band and, parallel to the margin, a broad streak of glossy violet; both enclose 
a yellow-brown area thickly studded with black dots and resembling in shape a caterpillar. The dry-season 
form which has been figured by Moore, is smaller in size, of a paler colour with diminished black markings. 
The chief characteristic of the ? is its pale yellow underside, on which the Cirrochroa- band is indicated also 
on the forewings by a faint cream-white colour. From the Nicobar Islands. Rare in collections. 
C. niassica Honr. (recte „niasica“) closely approaches the preceding species. Outline of wings more niassica. 
rounded; upper surface in the d'd' with a clear yellow submarginal area growing lighter exteriorly. Distal 
border narrower than in nicobarica. The hindwings present a similar design with a more complete series of 
black dots of about equal size. The black terminal border is traversed by two yellowish bands. The colour 
of the under surface is pale straw-yellow, somewhat darker in the basal area which is separated from the 
light outer half by a pale red, transverse band. The hindwings lack the white longitudinal band which 
distinguishes nicobarica. The upper surf, of the $ has the basal half smoke-brown, the median zone yellowish- 
white. Hindwings with paler yellow submarginal stripes and proximally a whitish undulate line. Under 
surface of a rather lighter cream-colour. From Nias, where it is very rare, niassica will probably come to 
be regarded as a local form of nicobarica , if any intermediate forms should ever be discovered in Pulo-Wei 
and Simalur. Such forms I expect do exist as a result of the former connection by land of the Andaman 
Islands and Nias, which 1 was in 1896 able to trace on the strength of the geographical distribution of the 
Danaidae. Only one year afterwards Dr. Walter Horn found in his researches on the distribution of Cicindelae 
further proof for the possibility of the existence of such a connection; he named it “Wedda-Bridge.” 
C. emalea, is a purely Macromalayan species, better known by the later name of bajadeta Moore. Moore 
was the first who in 1900 (Lep. Indica. Vol. 1, p. 223) showed that while this species had formerly been 
reckoned among the genus Argynnis or Symphaedra , it really belongs to the genus Cirrochroa ; but he failed 
to recognize its identity with his own bajadeta. But the diagnosis by Guerin leaves little doubt that emalea emalea. 
Guer. is the Malayan branch of the collective species heretofore called bajadeta which had for the first time been 
figured by Distant (PI. 19 of Rhopalocera Malayana). cf similar to C. calypso (108 b), but larger, the apical 
portion of the forewing projecting and enclosing a yellow patch, the hindwing with wavy dentate edge. On the 
under surface the longitudinal band becomes much broader as it approaches the costa; being yellow on the 
forewing it turns glossy white on the hindwing and is abruptly constricted between the lower radial and the 
upper median. Uncus robust, distally curved. Valve uncommonly broad with a hoe-shaped appendage curved 
so as to form an obtuse angle. — martini Fruhst. from Pahang and Deli, north-eastern Sumatra, may be a martini. 
form of the dry season. On the upper surface the distal border of the hindwing is, starting from the lower 
radial, yellow instead of being black, on the under side the ground-colour is lighter, more monotonous yellow. 
The white discal fascia on the hindwing is broader, not so much constricted between the radials as in bajadeta. 
Possibly bajadetina and martini will prove to be mere seasonal forms of one and the same species, but from 
the fact, that there exist in the western part of Sumatra a sharply differentiated Papilio, a Pareba , Euploea, 
Danaida and a Nymphidium , all of which are closely allied to forms from Java, it seems probable that we 
have to consider also among the Cirrochroa a number of local races. Found in the Malay Peninsula and in 
north-eastern Sumatra. Bingham has lately received two specimens from Victoria-Point, southern Tenasserim. 
— bajadetina Fruhst. oddly enough approaches much more closely the Javanese form and ravana Moore from bajadetina. 
Borneo than it does martini from Perak and north-eastern Sumatra, bajadetina is larger than bajadeta , the 
colouring rather lighter beneath; the white spots before the apex of the forewing below are larger and more 
IX 62 
