CIRROCHROA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
491 
satellita), differs from the preceding form in the yellow band on the forewing, which does not broaden towards 
the anal angle but is rather reduced in width by the broad black distal border. Under surface differs in 
that the white median band on the hind wing is nearly twice as broad, crosses the wing as far as the anal 
fold and appears more sharply defined also on the forewing. On the forewings the submarginal area contains 
a number of spots that resemble mother-of-pearl; on the hindwings a white submarginal line. From North- 
Borneo, Kina-Balu district, occurring according to Staudinger also in Palawan, though it is very rare. ? 
slightly exceeds cf in size, is lighter yellow above. 
C. orissa has the same range of distribution as C. satellita, but is not found in Palawan. Hindwings 
along the subcostal nervules with yellow sexual strigae, which in the basal half accompany also the submedian 
and lower median, being quite conspicuous upon the red-brown ground-colour. — orissa Fldr. (107 g). On orissa. 
the forewing 2 or 3 radial stripes encroach upon the black colour of the apical portion. On the under sur¬ 
face the predominating colour is yellow, the distal half of the hindwings reddish-brown. The fore wings are 
traversed by a broad cream-coloured diagonal band; hindwings similar so those of satellita , but with a more 
sharply defined longitudinal band having an intense lustre of mother-of-pearl. From north-eastern and western 
Sumatra, where it is only found in the woods and seems more common than satellita , especially in June and 
August. Also found in the Malay Peninsula. — orissides Fruhst. cd distinguished from typical specimens from orissides. 
the Malay Peninsula by the darker yellow discal border on the forewing and the much broader black distal 
margin of the hindwing. On the under surface the ground-colour is darker brown, nearly black in the apical 
area of the forewing; the white spots at the apex twice as broad. The discal band on the hindwing is between 
the radials considerably constricted and on either side bordered with an intense red-brown. The apical area 
of the forewing is devoid of the yellow radial strigae. In the ? which is smaller in size than the cd, the forewings 
are crossed by a pale yellow, sometimes cream-coloured transverse band. On the underside the predominant 
colour of the basal half is smoke-gray, not reddish-ochreous as in the cd. From Kina-Balu district, North-Borneo. 
C. clagia has a very limited range having thus far not been observed outside of Java and Sumatra. 
Together with Euploea gamelia Him. and Eriboea kadeni Fldr. it is one of the few Rhopalocera which are 
found both in Java and Sumatra, and at the same time are limited to these two islands. On the under surface 
the reddish-yellow basal half is separated from the red-brown outer half by a whitish longitudinal band (simi¬ 
lar so that of C. malaija ), which on the forewings broadens as it approaches the costa. In the cdcd, the veins 
on the upper surface are dusted with black, two yellow radial strigae enter the black outer border of the 
forewings. — clagia Godt. is nowhere rare throughout Java at elevations of from 1000—2200 ft. ¥ larger clagia. 
than cd, the under side lighter yellow, the black spots upon the hindwings more prominent. The under side 
shows a rich violet lustre over the submarginal area. Specimens from eastern Java are smaller than those 
found in the western part, the basal half of the under side is darker, the median band not so distinct and a pure 
white.*) — clagina Fruhst. (108b) differs from the Javanese type in that the black outer border of the hindwings clagina. 
is less broad; this renders the black discal spots quite distinct, whereas in the specimens from Java they are 
enclosed in and confluent with the distal border. The underside differs from that of the Javanese forms in that the 
reddish-white discal band on the forewing is at least twice as broad and much paler, while the white discal band 
on the hindwing is nearly twice as large. In the ?, the black outer border is narrower than in specimens from 
Java; the underside of the hindwings differs in the broader white discal band and the much smaller row of black 
dots. From western Sumatra. 1 have no specimens from north-eastern Sumatra, where it occurs in the district of 
Deli from May until October at elevations of from 1000 ft. upwards; it is the rarest among the species of Cirrochroa 
occurring there. C. clagia forms in certain respects a transition to the more brillant species of the Celebian-Papuan 
Subregion, e. g. C. semiramis and C. regina. In thePhilippines these are replaced by an other interesting species: 
C. menones Semp., hitherto found only in the eastern portion of Mindanao; it closely approaches C. 
imperialis (108 b), but does not show above the beautiful blue iridescence peculiar so that species. The upper menones. 
surface is light red-brown, the base darker, the distal half broadly dusted with black. In the cT the under 
surface is reddish-brown as far as the darker longitudinal band, more gray-blue in the ?. The band itself 
is red-brown, with a border which is in the cd reddish, in the ? milky-white. 
C. semiramis inhabits the Celebian subregion, occurring in two forms. In the cd the upper surface 
is reddish ochre-yellow in the basal half, with a dark blue-violet iridescence spreading over the marginal 
area. The latter reaches the cell, being intersected by three light gray-blue longitudinal bands of which the 
middle one is strongly undulate. ? paler in colour, with broader gray-blue fasciae; the upper surface quite 
dusky, being covered throughout with blue-black scales, occasionally with a lighter red-brown tinge in the 
median area. The under surface differs from that of regina in that the forewings do not have a sharply- 
defined longitudinal band, but only a brighter yellow patch which grows wider posteriorly. In addition, the 
entire distal area is yellowish with some gray-white streaks instead of being red-brown with line silvery undulate 
lines. In the ? the median portion of the forewings has a whitish lustre and continues to the costal border. - 
semiramis Fldr. comes from the northern part of the island; it differs from the southern form in the narrower, semiramis. 
*) The larva was discovered by Dr. Piepers in western Java; it is light-green, the head of the same colour, the 
two horns somewhat darker; in shape it resembles the larva of a Cethosia, the pupa more that of an Issoria. 
