494 
T ERIN OS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
piepersi. from Borneo and Pontianac contained in Fruhstorfer coll. — piepersi Mart, has been but lately discovered 
in western Java and described in the Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, Sept. 1909, on page 114. In size 
it stands between the larger ter pander teos Nicer, from Sumatra and the smaller terpander robertsia Btlr. from 
the Malay Peninsula; in its design and colouring it approaches most closely robertsia, a fact not to be wondered 
at in a Javanese species, considering the many analogous cases that have been observed. It may be said that 
as all the subspecies of terpander display among themselves considerable differences, one might, without an 
accurate knowledge of their perhaps but slightly differentiated larvae, treat them as separate species; this error 
was indead committed by the earlier authors. Whereas robertsia has on the outer border of the upperside 
of the hindwing but two whitish wedge-shaped spots, with two corresponding yellowish marginal lunules, 
piepersi displays three such confluent spots which display the dark yellow colour of old ivory; this 
continues along the outer border as far as the apex of the subcostal vein. Owing to this light colouring of 
the outer border, the two dark-blue marginal lines can be traced much more easily and farther than in all 
the other subspecies. On the underside of the forewing we find along the outer border au uninterrupted 
white area which, commencing at the submedian increases in width until it reaches the lower radial; also the 
space between the two marginal lines is, as far as the lower radial, pure white. In robertsia there are to be 
seen but two white separate wedge-shaped spots, whereas in teos the corresponding area is of a blue-gray, 
in terpander of a whitish-yellow colour. The ground-colour of piepersi is richer than in the other subspecies, 
also the dark red bands and spots on the under surface of both wings are of a deeper shade and more pro¬ 
minent. The bluish-white spot at the apex of the forewing beneath is larger, lighter and more distinct than in 
the other forms of terpander. But all have that in common that the discoeellular veins are on the upper 
surface of the forewings more or less dusted with a brick-red colour, which is most prominent in piepersi. 
But one cf available, from near Sukabumi. piepersi is undoubtedly very rare in Java, more so than Papilio 
caunus or Charaxes kadeni, judging from the fact that it has not become known until now. In Sumatra 1 
often observed the ?? of teos, circling around some rather high trees which I did not recognize, evidently 
engaged in depositing their eggs. Most likely these trees have been largely destroyed in Java, but few being 
preserved, and it was upon one of these that I met with the type. (Martin). 
b) The medians branch beyond the lower discoeellular. 
T. Clarissa has of all species the widest range, extending over the whole Macromalayan Archipelago 
and the southern Philippines. — Clarissa Bsd. is one of the rarest butterflies found in Java, where I obtained, 
clarissa. 111 the space of three years, but two cTcf and three ??. I only encountered it in the western part of the 
island, in the Djampangs to the south of Sukabumi, on the wooded linestone-hills at elevations of about 1800 ft. 
cT resembles above malayana (108 c) but the distal margin of the hindwing, while not quite so broad, is of a 
yellowish red colour. The predominant colour of the ? is black; the forewings are dark blue at the base, 
with a narrow median band of the same colour. The hindwings are towards the anal angle yellow, proximally 
with a slight reddish tinge; the yellowish anal border is confined by an oblique blue intermedian band, and 
the anal area contains in addition two indistinct crescents as well as two circular patches of violet. The 
underside is in the o redbrown, with white longitudinal bands having a slight violet tinge, and with a strongly 
undulate reddish-yellow submarginal fascia, which latter is met with in all the subspecies. The ? is chiefly 
gray with whitish anal area and a pale yellow submarginal band. malayana Fruhst. (108 c) from the Malay 
malayana. Peninsula and Singapore has been repeatedly spoken of in connection with clarissa ; but it seems as though 
it has always been mistaken for some other form, because it is not mentioned in Distant’s u Rhopalocera ”. A 
few years ago, I happened to discover among the stock of a dealer two Terinos labelled “Penang”. These 
two specimens are closely allied to clarissa. They are rather smaller in size than specimens from Borneo and 
Java; their under surface is very similar to that of the species from Borneo. But the upper surface displays 
a considerable difference. The orange-coloured anal border of the hindwing is in the ? wholly obliterated, 
being replaced by a whitish irroration; the cf has only a narrow orange-red submarginal band showing through 
from the under surface. The distal border itself is black, the violet and black submarginal lunules are more 
conspicuous than in the other forms of clarissa. ? closely approaches ? of clarissa from Java, but is distinguished 
from it by the more elongate, narrow apex of the forewings, which rather reminds us of atlita. The discal 
area of the forewings is adorned with a distinct red-brown band which is lacking in specimens from Java. 
The hindwings display a richer blue than in clarissa. Upon the under surface the colour is richer and darker, 
the bands more prominent, the forewings of a light whitish gray in the submarginal and anal portions, cf? 
from Penang, 1 a 71 from north-eastern Sumatra, in Fruhstorfer coll. In Sumatra it is very rare, according 
to Hagen and Martin. diunaga Fruhst. was received from the “Bovenlanden” near Padang in western 
diunaga. Sumatra. It approaches, as is not infrequently the case in species from western Sumatra, rather the Javanese 
type, but is larger in size and has in the anal area of the hindwing a narrow orange-coloured zone which 
is traversed by a violet band and encloses three violet crescent-shaped spots. The under surface is adorned 
nympha. with red-brown bands which appear brighter than in clarissa. — nympha Wall. (108 d as nymphaea) displays 
among all the clarissa forms the richest colours. The ? is larger in size than the ? of clarissa, the blue-violet 
colour extending farther and being paler; the hindwings richer red-yellow with more prominent lunular 
spots. In the cfc? the under surface is still lighter and more gaily-coloured than in the ?? of diunaga being 
