Publ. 10. V. 1912. 
CETHOSIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
497 
which, however, is narrower and interrupted by a few nearly extinct lunular spots and traces of an anteterminal band. 
On the underside it is marked like taxiles, but the longitudinal bands are paler red-brown. - novaguineensis Try on 
is above still more intensely blue than alurgis and possibly only a seasonal form of this race. From Milne Bay. 
T. tethys inhabits the northern coast of New Guinea and some of the smaller adjacent islands, in con¬ 
tradistinction to alurgis, which is confined to the southern coast. This species is easily distinguished by the 
yellow patch at the apex of the forewings and the light yellow anal border of the hindwings, both of which 
novaguine¬ 
ensis. 
reappear also on the under surface as indistinct pale patches upon the light-brown ground. The costal 
border of the forewings changes in colour more or less from dark violet to dark blue, according to the 
locality, but is quite narrow and apt to disappear altogether. In the ? the predominant colour is brown, the 
median area black, and on the forewings are but faint traces of blue colouring near the costal border. - 
tethys Hew., forewings with a white or light cream-coloured spot before the apex; hindwings are reddish in 
the subanal region. From the island of Mysole, where it is exceedingly scarce. — udaios Fruhst. (108 c), 
easily distinguished from tethys Hew. by having the apical spot on the upper surface of the forewings ochre- 
yellow instead of whitish or white and the hindwings darker; the reddish colour found on the subanal por¬ 
tion of tethys is obsolete, and the whitish anal area which in tethys extends as far as the tail, is reduced 
to a narrow zone between the second and third median nervules. Also the under surface of the forewings is 
deficient in white, and the submarginal fascia on the hindwing is brown, instead of reddish-yellow. In the 
? (108 c) which appears rather lighter brown than the cf, the subapical spot on the forewing is pale yellow, 
the anal area of the hindwing grayish-yellow. On the under surface the markings are quite faded, but the 
yellowish-gray apical and anal spots are larger. The type came from Humboldt Bay, Dutch New Guinea, 
where it flies in September and October. Lately 1 have received some specimens also from Kaiser-Wilhelms- 
Land, where it was discovered near Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen by Dr. Eugene Werner. 2 cfc?, 3 ?? in the 
Fruhstorfer coll. — wahnesi Hell, is a form from Finchhafen, differing from udaios in that the dark blue 
border parallel to the costal on the forewing is more distinct. The hindwings are in the anal region quite 
faintly obscured with dark brownish-yellow. The geographical distribution of the Papuan Terinos shows no 
regularity whatsoever. The far-spreading taxiles forms are accompanied in Mysole and the northern part of 
New Guinea by the paler forms of tethys; in British New Guinea both disappear, and their place is taken by 
alurgis Godm., which in the gorgeous blue colouring on the upper surface approaches on the one side the 
clarissa nympha- group belonging to the Macromalayan Region, whereas in the style of markings upon the under 
surface it appears closely allied to taxiles; a case of Atavism which appears even to greater perfection in 
T. maddelena. Wherever we turn, we meet with the most surprising facts which we may only explain by 
assuming that in the Nymphalid family insignificant causes may bring about great changes. 
T. maddelena Sm. This is a remarkable species, easily distinguished by its almost circular wings. The 
cd shows even in the forewing no apical projection whatsoever. The forewings are completely covered whith 
black androconial tufts, one streak of blue-violet excepted commencing about at the extremity of the cell. The 
hindwings contain a quadrate scent-scale spot extending as far as the lower radial. The cell and the entire 
median area are blue; two yellowish subterminal bands, separated by a blue line, reach from the scent-patch 
to the anal angle. The underside resembles taxiles amplior Fruhst., but is distinguished by a prominent red- 
yellow submarginal and two distinct light yellow subterminal lines. The brown patches placed beyond the 
cell, seen in T. abisares Fldr. and taxiles Hew., are present also in this species, suggesting that maddelena 
really is more closely related to the Moluccan forms than to those from New Guinea. In the ? of which 
Pagenstecher gave in 1899 a very good picture, the blue colour spreads over the entire submarginal area 
on the forewings, continuing also to the hindwings in which only the anal fold and the costal border are of 
an other colour. Very scarce; only a few specimens have become known from Neu-Pommern and from Neu- 
Hannover; flies in March. 
Tribus Cethosiinae. 
13. Genus: Cetliosia F. 
This genus, although quite singular in its external appearance and easy to recognize, very closely 
approaches Cynthia as well in its structure as in the shape of the larva which, like that of Cynthia, lives on 
Passiflorae. The palpi are slightly distended, recalling the Issorini and Argynnini. But the peculiar shape of 
the claws which possess no appendages whatever, distinguish this genus from all the other Indo-Australian 
Nymphalid genera and bring it close to the Neotropical Dionini, whose larvae likewise live upon Passiflorae. 
The latter however are, with regard to their structure, sharply separated from Cethosia by the angular 
lower discocellular in the forewing, the single precostal vein and by the fact that the cell is not closed. 
From both the Dionini as well as from Cynthia this genus is distinguished by the strongly denticulate and 
deeply excavated wings. The fact that the system of neuration varies extraordinarily among the different 
species, differing even quite considerably between the sexes, recalls the genus Terinos. Thus in the cd of 
C. bernsteini the first subcostal nervule above arises proximally to the end of the cell, in the ? precisely at 
its anterior corner; however, these distinguishing features show no regularity whatever within the species (genus 
Terinos). But the fact that in no case two subcostal branches are seen to arise before the end of the cell, 
removes this genus far from Cynthia, Terinos and Argynnis , bringing it close to the Neotropical Dionini. On 
the forewing the precostal is pointing outward and is bifurcate. Palpi moderately distended, thickly clothed 
TY HR 
tetliys. 
udaios. 
wahnesi. 
maddelena. 
