500 
CETHOSIA. By II. Frahstorfer. 
andama- 
nica. 
nicobarica. 
alceste. 
narma¬ 
doides. 
narmada. 
reduced than in logani and javana, but on the other hand the median band broadens over its entire length, 
appearing especially in the costal portion of nearly double the width as is seen in javana. I found this 
species in the Tengger-Mts in eastern Java at an elevation of about 2000 ft, and in the Zuidergebergde to the 
south of Malang. Very scarce. - andamanica Stick, lias been hitherto united and confounded with nicobarica. 
It is rather large in size; in both sexes the white spots on the upper surface of the forewings are more 
prominent, and the bands on the under surface more delicately marked with black. Has been figured by 
Moore (Lepidoptera Indica Vol. IV, PI. 349), but was erroneously named nicobarica. On the under surface of 
the forewings we completely miss the network of black spots which appear so distinctly in the specimens from 
the Nicobar Islands, as is shown in Felder’s figure. The black marginal dots bordering the white submarginal 
band are on either wing much less distinct than in nicobarica, appearing therefore always isolated; the outer 
black dentate band on the underside of both wings is, in contrast to nicobarica , broadly striated with minute, 
curved white streaks. The black striation in the cell is much closer, rendering the blue-gray background less 
visible. The colouring of the upper surface of andamanica is a more vivid brick-red than in nicobarica FI dr. 
The forewing measures in the cd 44 mm, in ? 45—47 mm in length. Quite plentiful in the Andaman-1 stands. 
nicobarica Fldr. inhabits the islands from which it has been named; smaller in size than andamanicai. 
Felder described a specimen of nicobarica from the island of Kondul, figuring a cd with very little white in 
the apical area of the forewing; beneath, the two parallel bands on the forewings appear beyond the cell 
connected by some black mesh-like lines. The under surface of the hindwings is traversed by a submarginal 
row of almost coherent, large, black and circular spots arranged along the outer edge of the whitish submar¬ 
ginal band. The helmet-shaped marginal spots are but indistinctly striated with white. Two ?? in the Fruhstorfer 
coll.; apparently only the form which corresponds to viridiana is known. The forewings are nearly black with 
insignificant gray-green intermedian area, the hindwings with yellowish-green disk. Upon none of the smaller 
islands adjacent to Sumatra any forms have hitherto been observed approaching Cethosia biblis, and going 
east, we only meet the species again in Bawean; this island has produced'a most distinguished race, which 
forms the transition from the western Macromalayan forms to the eastern Micromalayan ones: alceste Fruhst. 
(110c). Above it resembles sandalcana Fruhst. (110c) from North-Borneo and narmadoides Nicev. from Bali. 
From the latter it differs in its smaller size and in the subapical band on the forewing being lighter yellow 
and more compact. The outer border of the hindwings is black, but not so broad as in specimens from Bali, 
the submarginal dots much smaller. Beneath both wings are paler red-brown than in biblis and the prece¬ 
ding forms, the longitudinal bands are dull orange-yellow instead of being white. ? differs but slightly from 
cd: On the forewings we find an extensive black border and a bright fulvous semi-band. The colour of the 
upper surface is on the whole more intense red, slightly dusted with brown in the intramedian portion of the 
forewings. From Bawean, where it occurs from July until September and is very scarce. — narmadoides 
Nicer. Above it approaches alceste, but the colour is more striking, being an intense red broadly bordered 
with black at the distal margin on both wings; the under surface displays a number of very conspicuous 
canary-yellow longitudinal lines and a prominent row of black discal dots. ¥ not known, cd very scarce, dis¬ 
covered in Bali by Doherty. narmada Fruhst. (110 c). In the cd the upper surface of the forewing is deep 
black, only the inner margin is crimson extending from the cell to within one third of the distance between 
that and the outer margin. Beyond, but still quite close to the cell, are placed four spots, the two uppermost 
of which are elongate and yellowish, the lower ones quadrate and reddish. The hindwings with broad black 
marginal border and two macular bands traversing the median area which otherwise is red; the inner margin 
is shaded with orange. The under surface of the forewings is towards the base red with four gray discal 
bands bordered with black, and with a white discal band bordered in the same manner, which latter reaches 
the submedian; lhe outer half is brownish displaying the usual denticulate margin. The under surface of 
the hindwings is red in the basal area, with an adjacent yellow band broadly bordered with black. From this 
band the red ground-colour extends all the way until it is intersected by a yellowish median band which is 
only in the basal portion bordered with black. The other half although somewhat paler, appears to conform 
to the forewings. The ? is on both sides darker than the cd; the wings are more rounded, abdomen red- 
brown above, underneath white streaked with black. Length of forewing in cdcd 33—37 mm, in ¥? 39—41 mnr 
To this diagnosis which I made in Lombok in June 1896 from freshly-captured specimens, I may add, that 
cd cd and ¥¥ vary quite considerably. My coll, contains cdcd, in which the black submarginal dots appear 
completely united with the broad black outer border; in others these dots closely touch the border, and still 
in others they appear isolated as in the figure. Also the subapical spots vary in form and colour. 1 found 
one cd in which the spots are entirely yellow, one in which they are reddish and one specimen with white 
and pale-red spots; in one ? they are blood-red and small, in another very large and pale yellow. This latter 
is also distinguished by the fact, that both wings are coloured deep red-brown in the basal half which in 
all the other specimens is suffused with a gorgeous crimson. Farther west it is replaced by biblis javana Fldr.; 
in this form the spots are in the outer half of the forewings much larger and of pure white colour, and 
the under surface is much lighter, especially in the hindwings which are traversed by three white diagonal 
bands. Of these bands only the two innermost are found in narmada, displaying here a yellowish tint. - 
narmada approaches much more closely the form tambora Boh. from Sumbawa, but is paler throughout, the 
marginal borders are less broad and the subapical spots much reduced. On the under surface of the fore¬ 
wings of narmada the notches in the marginal border appear deeper and broader. But the chief difference is 
