502 
CETHOSIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
in colour. Beneath, the d is quite similar to nicobarica-d, only the distal bordering of the white outer sub- 
amboinensis. marginal band is not quite so intensely black. Buru. - amboinensis Fldr. Above like sandakana , but with 
more distinct white markings and inferior in size. ? resembles buruana-f- , but lacks the enlarged median 
spots and the hindwings are somewhat paler yellow-brown above. The under surface corresponds to that 
ceramensis. of sandakana in all but the narrower white median band. — ceramensis Frulist. is of a paler colour 
throughout; the upper surface is yellowish-red conspicuously marked with white upon the forewings, in which 
the whitish costal streak in the median area beyond the cell is still more obsolete than in sandakana and 
amboinensis. Beneath, it is distinguished by the far-spreading median bands on the hindwings enclosing a 
lighter yellow transcellular area than is noticed in amboinensis. Island of Ceram, where it must be very 
picta. scarce as it has never been .mentioned by previous collectors. — picta Fldr. (110b) is among all the forms of 
biblis farthest remote from the name-type. Whereas in the dd we notice the elongate contour of the fore¬ 
wings so characteristic of the Celebian Fauna, the hindwings display in both sexes two rows of white spots 
of which we count in the median area four, in the basal region two. Both d and ? are subject to variation 
according to the locality; thus two dd in my collection from Lompa-Battan in South-Celebes have the cell 
striated with light-gray, in another specimen contained in the Berlin Museum, the cell encloses a conspicuous 
white spot; (this may possibly be a form from northern Celebes). The ?? are quite similar to the dd, but 
are more brown-red and the bands on the under surface of the forewings are rather larger and of a paler 
shade. Holland received from Doherty ?? from Taneta some of which were reddish, others purple-gray; in 
a o n captured by Doherty the white patches on the hindwings were quite obsolete; and the Staudinger collec¬ 
tion contains moreover two ¥¥-l'orms, one in which the hindwings are reddish-brown throughout the subme- 
viridipicta. dian area, and the other marked with greenish and blackish: ? fa. viridipicta form. nor. — ?? from eastern 
sarsina. Celebes seem to belong to a separate local form: sarsina subsp. non. noted for the peculiar light yellow- 
togiana. brown tinge on the upper surface. - togiana Frulist. is distinguished from picta in that the forewings have 
on either side of the submedian a pure white spot and that the white median patches on the hindwings are 
twice as broad. From the Togian Islands lo the east of Minahassa, in the Gulf of Tomini. 
C. lamarcki must also be considered as belonging to the biblis- group, as I have shown in my mono- 
graphy on the genus Cethosia (Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1902), appearing in the Macromalayan Begion where the forms 
allied to tambora cease to exist. One encounters this lovely species on all the islands in the Timor Sea ranging 
eastward as far as Selaru and Kur belonging to the Key group. God art reports that the type came from “New 
Holland”, but it cannot be doubted that its home is Timor, where it was discovered together with C. lesclienault. 
Forbes who rediscovered it writes: “Trembling from joy I caught among other butterflies the beautiful Cethosia 
lamarcki, whose blue wings had, as I beheld it from the river-bed below Hying along the inaccessible slopes, 
stirred up in me the strongest desire to possess it.” lamarcki completely harmonizes in structure with biblis tisa- 
inena from India proper, and approaches in the design of the markings on the under surface which is in the 
lamarcki. distal half of a blackish colour, closely C. biblis tambora. lamarcki Godt. (= timorensis Stick.) (llOe). Bois- 
duval was the first who gave us a correct picture of this form and clearly stated Timor to be its home. Above 
the forewings are dark blue with black distal border, a yellowish costal streak and in the basal half a more or 
less extensive reddish-yellow spot which both in d and ? may be quite distinct or more obsolete, but hardly 
ever is quite obliterated. The under surface is in like manner subject to variation. According to Godart’ s 
description, the colour of the basal half is dirty white, the outer half black traversed by a red-brown submarginal 
band. Beyond the zone of white follows a band composed of 8 red-brown streaks divided by the veins. Bois- 
justa. duval’s figure however represents a rarer form from Timor without this band and median striation. = justa form, 
nov. Between this and the type there exists stilt an intermediate form which possesses the submarginal band 
but lacks the postdiscal spots in the terminal area of the hindwings. Timor, Wetter, Babber, Kisser, 7 dd, 2 ?? 
elateia. from Babber and Wetter in my coll., the figured ? came from Babber. — elateia subsp. nov. Above of a lighter 
and more lustrous blue; on the forewings the yellowish-red basal area extends farther; the under surface is 
characterized by the dull chalky-white basal half which on the forewing is irrorated with greenish, on the hind¬ 
wing with cream-colour; the distal half is traversed by a yellow instead of red-brown submarginal band. The 
intranerval spots are not found in the d before me, in the ? they are of paler colour and less conspicuous 
than in ?? from Babber. The apical patch on the forewing is larger than in lamarld. Type came from the islets 
of Ivor; also found in Tjanda, presumably ocurring also in the Timor-Laut group but unknown in the Key Islands. 
b) On the forewings the first subcostal branches off before the end of the cell, the second in d distally farther 
out than the first; on the forewings the lower discocellular arises distally to the point of furcation of the median nervules. 
In the d Ihe cell of the hindwing is more distinctly closed than in $. In dd ihe valve is not visible. 
C. cyane is one of the best-known Indian butterflies, although its range of distribution is but limited. Extending 
no further west than to the limits of the province of Oudh, not reaching in the north China and being replaced in 
the southern part of India by another form, cyane must he regarded as a purely Indian species. The two local forms 
which are known are not very sharply separated; neither do the several seasonal forms present great differences; 
but the sexual Dimorphism is strongly developed, the ?? differing in such a way that those belonging to the 
rainless season are of greenish colour at the base of the forewings, while those of the wet season are brown. 
Both sexes have in common a sharply dentate, white transverse band on the forewings varying in width according 
to the locality. The gaudily-colored larva is pink with yellow rings, provided at the head with the usual horns and 
