504 
GET HO SI A. By II. Fruhstorfer. 
and which in cd far exceeds in width the band peculiar to the Borneo- and Malacca-forms. It is the most 
triocala. common form found in the Sultanate of Deli. triocala subsp. nov. is distinguished from aeole and hypsina 
by the paler, rather whitish band on the forewings which appears moreover less deeply excavated inwardly. 
From the Bovenlanden at Padang, western Sumatra, eded not rare. Although the difference between this form 
and aeole is less marked than is the case between C. biblis adantonia and loyaui, it is at once recognized. - 
hypsea. hypsea Dbd. represents the most extreme case of Melanism among the Macromalayan forms. The band on the 
forewing is beautiful yellow, in cd more regular than in eded of hypsina and aeole , equalling in width that 
of tricala. In ?, the submedian area of the forewing is represented by a narrow yellow-red or yellow-brown 
streak, beyond which as a rule but traces of a whitish subdiscal spot are found. The specimens from Pontianac 
are of lighter colour and less obscured with black beneath than is the case with 2? from northern Borneo; 
eded from Sandan are inferior in size to those from the rest of the island. On Mt. Mulu it occurs still at 
elevations of about 3000 ft. Everywhere quite common; my coll, contains also specimens from south-eastern 
pallaurea. Borneo. pallaurea Hag. This pretty butterfly whose forewings measure 44 mm in length, may be consid¬ 
ered as being intermediate between C. fruhstorferi Stick, from Java and C. cyane Drury from India. The 
contour of the forewings is not quite so elongate as that of aeole ?? from Sumatra, or hypsina from Malacca 
and banlcana Fruhst.; the apex is less projected resembling more closely cyane-??. Above its colour comes 
closest to that of fruhstorferi, but is much paler, rather yellow instead of red, and the discal transverse band 
on the forewing is cream-coloured and somewhat broader. The pale-coloured patch along the inner margin 
of the forewing stands with regard to its size half way between fruhstorferi and aeole, being whitish-yellow 
in colour, feebly shaded with red towards the base. That portion of the forewing which in aeole and fruhstorferi 
is unicolorous black without any other markings than the fine white dentate marginal line, presents in pallau¬ 
rea approximately the same design as in cyane, most notably the submarginal row of white streaks behind 
the dentate line. The white discal transverse band which, in cyane-??, adjoins over its entire breadth this 
submarginal row of streaks, in pallaurea only just touches it at its farthest extremity on either side of the 
second median nervule. The black space between these contains, starting from the band, a number of 
fine, faded dashes of whitish colour. The cross-striation of the cell beneath is distinctly repeated above, 
a fact which in the available ?? of hypsea and hypsina is not at all observed and in fruhstorferi but in a 
very slight degree. On the hindwings which have the orange-coloured area sprinkled with black in the 
same manner as in fruhstorferi, the black outer border is nearly twice as broad as in all the other forms 
hitherto mentioned. Beneath pallaurea is chiefly remarkable on account of the much greater width of the black 
border on both wings and moreover by the fact that, accompanying the white dentate marginal line there is 
another white, undulate line interrupted at the veins which latter are on the hindwings of yellow colour. The 
entire apical area of the forewing completely lacks the ochre-yellow colour found in the other forms; the 
inner border of the white transverse band is more like a straight line, whereas in aeole and fruhstorferi it is 
dented in stair-like fashion; furthermore there is hardly a faint indication of the white, black-bordered 
semi-band running from the second median to the middle of the inner margin. The white discal band on the 
hindwing is more obsolete and becomes, from the second median onwards, gradually absorbed by the yellow 
ground-colour: its outer border is, one blackish streak near the external margin excepted, entirely devoid of 
the black striation characteristic of aeole and fruhstorferi, and its inner margin is much less deeply 
batuensis. excavated. From Mentawei. — batuensis Stick approaches triocala Fruhst. from western Sumatra, although 
inferior in size; the transverse band adorning the forewing is paler and of rather whitish colour, and on the 
upper surface of the hindwings the black border is ornamented with purer white and more delicate crescent¬ 
shaped streaks. The under surface displays some deep black submarginal bands exceeding in size even those 
fruhstorferi. of aeole from Deli. Found in the Batu Islands. —- fruhstorferi Stick (110 a) comes from eastern Java. 
Distinguished by the unusually broad subapical band on the forewings and the rich lavender irroration over all the 
munjava. black portions of the upper surface. — munjava subsp. nov. The white oblique band is very much reduced in width 
and, especially in cd, disappears altogether towards the costa; the blue iridescence above is much darker. The 
white bands traversing the underside of both wings are noticeably narrower than in fruhstorferi. Habitat: Java, 
where it is very scarce, and is found at elevations up to 2500 ft,; 4 eded, 4 ?? from near Sukabumi, in the Fruh- 
bankana. storfer coll.. bankana quite abundant in the island of Banka; smaller than aeole Moore from Deli, differs from 
both aeole and hypsina in the narrower, less deeply excavated white semi-band before the apex of the forewing. 
palawana. palawana Fruhst. Already Staudinger observed, in 1889, that eded from Palawan show no black spotting 
upon the red colour of the hindwings; moreover the band on the forewing is shorter than in hypsea from Borneo, 
and the red colour extends farther spreading over one half of the cell. On the under surface of the forewings the 
cross-striation in the cell is lighter and both cd and ? appear more vividly crimson than in hypsea. But the ?? from 
Palawan are much paler than ?? from Borneo, and the yellowish subdiscal spot on the forewings occasionally found 
in the latter extends in palawana far enough to reach the middle median. The hindwings show a whitish spot 
before the costa, and are only at the base pale red, the rest being yellowish-brown. In one cd the black sub¬ 
marginal spots on the hindwings beneath are double, forming a transition to Cethosia magindanica Semp. Descri¬ 
bed from 3 eded and 3 ?? contained in my coll. Palawan, collected by Doherty during January. Two specimens 
from Balabac closely allied to palawana are somewhat smaller and adorned with darker yellow bands; the trans¬ 
verse band on the forewing is narrower, deeper yellow and less frayed-out proximally; beneath the white median band 
is contracted, particularly in ?, and the black submarginal strigae on the hindwings are much reduced in size. 
