CETHOSIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
507 
brown, the basal half red. In the cf we notice the beginnings of insular Melanism in the reduction on the 
hindwing of the white median area, and a corresponding blackening of the discal area. Very common in Bawean, 
especially from July until September; 18 pairs in my collection. — penthesilea Or. is one of the most common penthesilea. 
Javanese butterflies, found during the rainy-season, beginning about in February, on the blossoms of low shrubs 
growing along the road-side or on the edge of well-cultivated fields, at elevations of up to 2500 ft, in such 
numbers that they constitute a characteristic feature of the landscape and are brought hundreds at a time by the 
Javanese collectors. They prefer elevations of 1500-2000 ft., hut ascend to 4000 ft. where they fly together with 
Argynnis niphe javanica Oberth. and, being very similar to the ?? of that species, are the more easily mistaken 
for them as they have the same slow, little-enduring flight. Both sexes are somewhat larger than the figured 
baweanica, with deeper red upper surface and in the cf with heavier, in ? with less distinct postdiscal dots on 
the hindwings. The ? has the ground-colour paler than the cf, and on the hindwings a black-blue dash having a 
dull gloss and resembling a scent-scale spot extending from the cell in a downward curve toward the outer margin 
and showing through on the under surface. In the c?c? it is more feebly developed, being in exsanguis (to be des¬ 
cribed hereafter) barely indicated, penthesilea also inclines to colour-aberrations like biblis, and the Fruhstorfer coll, 
contains as well melanotic as albinotic aberrations. — elgitha form, nov., the darkest form, has the white elgitha. 
semi-band on the upper surface of the forewings obliterated, but the border as well as the subterminal crescents 
on the hindwings considerably broader. The under surface lacks, with the exception of the more conspicuous, 
white, marginal crescents, of three greenish strigae in the cell, and a moderately broad, greatly intermittent, trans- 
cellular patch, all other markings and bands. The general colour is a faded fulvous, red at the base and in the cell 
of the hind wing. A similar aberration was figured by Snellen as early as 1895, but my elgitha is still darker 
and completely lacks the rows of white dots beyond the cell. The hindwings have on the upper surface, besides 
the black outer margin with its white dentate edges only the black submarg. dots figured by Snellen, and beyond 
the cell a blackish dash, characteristic of penthesilea. Also the under surface of the forewings lack, analogous to 
the upper surface, all white dots. The cell displays only a red spot, and the circumcellular region is still more 
profusely bordered with black. On the hindwing which is otherwise entirely devoid of any markings, the double, 
white, marginal scallops are united and greatly increased iu length and breath, appearing about three times as 
broad as in Snellen’s figure. The forewing of this curious cf-aberration measures 36 mm. The albino-% I have 
from eastern Java is of inferior size, paler red and has on the forewing the white band narrower and the 
subapical dots united. Under surface pale fulvous, with blurred markings of black and nearly obsolete sub¬ 
marginal band. Also in Bali and Kangean penthesilea is quite abundant, but I have no specimens from there; 
presumably they harmonize among themselves (as in the forms of biblis ), but deviate from Javanese specimens. 
—• exsanguis Fruhst. shows considerable differences, particularly in the reduction of the white band on the exsanguis. 
forewing and the paler ground-colour. The under surface has all the white bands more heavily obscured 
with blackish, and on the hindwings the submarginal band darker. Lombok, Ekas, on the south-coast of the 
island, generally found in company with Ilebomoia lombockiana Btlr. and Danais litqralis Doll, on the white 
flowers of a plant resembling flax-weed, growing in the thorny jungle of the sterile plains and swamps of the 
low-lands. — diffusa Fruhst. is distinguished from penthesilea exsanguis Fruhst. by the faded colouring on diffusa. 
both sides. The forewings have the white subapical band not clear white, but profusely sprinkled with black 
scales; the white as well as black dots on the upper surface are more reduced: the hindwings have the white 
submarginal lunules more distinct and the black outer border, especially in the ?, narrower and more obsolete. 
The under surface is more richly suffused with black, dark ochre-yellow instead of reddish, and has the 
median band on either wing not white but blackish-gray. Sumbawa. — paksha Fruhst. represents penthesilea paksha. 
on the island of Wetter, differing from the other forms in having the white subapical band on the forewing 
broader, at least twice as broad as in exsanguis Fruhst. Beneath it is much more variegated than exsanguis 
or filiola from Sumba, resembling the Javanese form. From penthesilea Cr. it is separated by having the discal 
bands on the under surface much narrower and whitish instead of yellowish; both wings have the ground¬ 
colour of the under surface darker red-brown than in specimens from Java, paksha is also reported from 
Kisser and Letti (Fruhstorfer coll.), and is sure to occur also on the other islands of the Timor Sea. I 
refer to it also a pair contained in the Fruhstorfer coll, from Pt. Darwin in North-Australia, whence it is 
also mentioned in Waterhouse’s Catalogue of the Rhopalocera of that continent. — filiola Fruhst. still filiola. 
smaller than paksha, represents the palest among the Micromalayan forms. The white band on the forewings 
is somewhat narrower than in paksha; underneath it is pale yellow-brown, resembling baweanica. The hind¬ 
wings have the median bands narrower. Island of Sumba. 
e) Structure resembling that of penthesilea . but the lower discocellular arises beyond and distally to the furcation 
of the medians. Valve not visible. 
C. leschenault Godt. (llOe as leschenaulti) reminds us on the upper surface which is black-brown, lesclienault. 
suffused with a dull, dark violet iridescence and bordered with light yellow, of our “Camberwell Beauty” 
(Vanessa antiopa L). The yellowish subapical patches are not always so distinct as in our figure. The under 
surface is marked as in penthesilea, deep crimson at the base, light coffee-brown in the median area, distal 
