508 
CETHOS1A. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
Rjl ^ 
ebr ysipg re. 
sangii ~a- 
bernsteini. 
aurigena. 
obiana. 
iphigenia. 
cydippe. 
ino. 
tymbrasa. 
theona. 
insulata 
border as above. Two white median bands with narrow, sharp black lines; the submarginal band consists of 
minute black freckles, faintly bordered with yellowish. Island of Timor, also from Wetter in my collection, 
collected during May by Doherty. 
f) Structure of forewing variable, generally resembling that of the C. cyane group, as a rule greatly differing between 
the sexes in that the first subcostal arises in cf considerably before, in ? just at the upper angle of the cell. On the forewing 
the lower discocellular terminates invariably somewhat distally to the furcation of the medians. In cd valve not visible. 
C. chrysip pe has next to biblis the greatest number of forms in this genus, having spread from the 
Papuan Region, the centre of its distribution, to all the Moluccan Islands and in the north to Sangir; but in 
the east it does not extend farther than the Trobriand Islands, nor does it occur in the Solomon Archipelago, 
being replaced in the Bismarck Archipelago by another species. The sexes are either monomorphic or show 
an eminently developed sexual Dimorphism. In the ? we encounter forms which, analogous to the forms of 
biblis, may be above either red-brown or greenish-yellow. With the exception of the North-Moluccan form, 
all the local races have on the forewing a white band, distally accompanied by white specks or lunules and 
surrounded by the black blue-iridescent apical area. The hindwings are always broadly bordered with black, 
with the usual dentate markings and a more or less distinct submarginal band composed of whitish spots. 
The under surface has on the forewing the submedian area red, segment-shaped, on the hindwing always a 
chain of black, white-margined liver-spots and occasionally a conspicuous whitish median band striated with 
black. Larva was first found by Wahnes, rediscovered by Kuehn, living gregariously, always 20 — 30 together; 
it is deep black, marked at the segments with bright yellow belts enclosing some fine black lines; each segment 
is armed with 6 black spines of which the dorsal pair is about twice as long as the two lateral pairs. Pupa 
whitish, shaded with red-brown, marked at the back with four pairs of golden dots. Head provided with two 
hammer-shaped protuberances, thorax with two lateral pairs of blunt knobs. At the middle of the sheaths of 
the wings we notice a pair of small wing-shaped appendages; the abdomen is covered with many tubercles. 
Pupal state lasts 14 days, cydippe prefers the forest, being one of the first butterflies, which was seen to visit 
the flowers of Lantana introduced into Australia by Dr. Hagen. — sangira Fruhst., the most northern form, 
having the white subapical band very prominent and broad, just as in insulata Btlr. from Key. The submarginal 
band is very distinct. On the hindwings the small black submarginal spots are proximally bordered by distinct 
rays of pale-reddish. The forewings are beneath broadly banded with pure white; the hindwings are very pale, 
with light gray median and submarginal bands. Island of Sangir. l c? (type) in Leyden Museum. — bernsteini 
Fldr. is on the other band very deficient in white, and has of the subapical band but a few rudimentary rests left. 
The under surface resembles that of praestabilis (111 b), but is without the oblique band on the forewing, having 
only on the hindwing before the apex of the cell a distinct red patch, lacking in the ?. Morotai, Halmaheira. 
From Batjan I possess a cd having the upper surface pale fulvous and on the hindwings the submarginal patches 
golden-yellow instead of reddish (aurigena form. nov.). — obiana Fruhst. approaches the south-Moluccan forms 
in the white macular band, which resembles that of praestabilis but is steeper. The under surface has on the 
forewing the apex of the cell delicately streaked with red; the hindwings have the distal area profusely laved 
with white, and display before the edge of the cell a small, roundish, purple patch. ¥ above dull red-brown, 
without any blue iridescence on the black marginal area. Obi. Not scarce. — iphigenia Fruhst. is on the 
contrary very rare, ¥ not described as yet. The upper surface is pale fulvous, having in the place of the 
white band only three roundish spots. The under surface, however, is more richly adorned with white than 
obiana, having the quite distinct white median stripe irrorated with violet, and the whitish distal area broader. 
Island of Burn. — cydippe L. is a typical butterfly of the southern Moluccas and everywhere common. The 
fore wings are beyond the very large subapical patch marked with three broad pointed arches; the under surface 
is very gaily-coloured, having the submarginal chain of arches and spots more pronounced than is seen in the 
other forms hitherto described. Hindwings with a broad, violet-white median band and increased cellular and 
transcellular spotting. Of the cf two forms exist: a smaller one, known already to Cleric and Huebner, 
presumably a dry-season form, lighter on both sides and having on the forewing the band relatively narrow, 
on the hind wing the submarginal band more conspicuous; the other one is of normal size, just as it was figured 
by Cramer, having on the forewing the transcellular spot square and nearly twice as broad; the ¥ is dark red- 
brown and may retain the name ino Cr. Atnboina, Saparua. — tymbrasa subsp. nov. approximates in its markings 
more Huebner’s cydippe, having on the forewings the white strigae narrow, more elongate and pointed, and the 
macular band accompanying them broader. The hindwings have on the under surface the median area, especially 
in ¥¥, more blurred. The ¥¥ are paler red-brown, having the distal margin not so sharply defined as in cydippe , 
but shading into the colour of the basal area. Ceram. — cydalima Fldr. is the first of a small series of insular 
forms which in the development of the white area on the forewing are closely allied to theona (111b). — 
theona Fruhst. (111b) had been described by me as coming from “Burn” which was given as its habitat by 
the English dealer from whom I purchased it. It closely resembles insulata from Key, being presumably derived 
from some island near the Key group. But it is larger, having on the forewing the white area proximally 
more broadly bordered with black. The ¥ has the black border broader, but is without the gorgeous blue iridescence. 
Beneath it resembles obiana Fruhst. but with more distinct median band on the hindwing. On the latter the 
subterminal band is as in cydippe but rather darker brown. — In insulata Btlr. the white area reaches on the 
