518 
PRECIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
hedonia. 
ida. 
pseudiphita. 
apollonia. 
intermedin. 
teurnia. 
hedonia. 
thero. 
hellanis. 
1 numana. 
zelima. 
in length. Possibly adulatrix is only an abeirative and at the same time an extreme rainy-season form of 
iphita cebara Fruhst. Only one specimen is known which came from Sumba. 
P. hedonia has its origin in the Papuan Region, whence it may be supposed to have spread to the 
Philippines and westward as far as Java, Engano and Nias. From iphita ida is easily distinguished by the row 
of ocelli which are always present on the upper surface of the h. w. and which, in the forms found farther 
east, are also recurring on the f. w. The h. w. may or may not display on the under surface two more or 
less distinct, silvery-white spots Seasonal forms exist as is the case with iphita. The ?? are beneath more 
variegated than the cfcf; those belonging to the dry season have occasionally red-brown eye-spots also on the 
f. w. — ida Cr (= idamene Godt.) was first described in 1 779 from a form belonging to the dry-season, having 
the upper surface pale ferruginous. Above it is mainly red-brown with feebly ringed ocelli. Reneath it resem¬ 
bles iphita , but has always some fulvous eye-spots which never occur in iphita. — pseudiphita form. nov. is an 
aberrative form, already figured by Cramer in 1782 (Pi. 374), above grey-brown like iphita , but beneath most 
gaily-coloured, yellowish-white, irrorated with violet, with very distinct fulvous ocelli. Its range "extends from 
Nias to Sumba, embraces the whole Macromalayan Archipelago and, in the North, Palawan and the Philippines; 
throughout the latter islands it is very common, from the Babuyanes in the north to Sarangani, Sangir and 
Jolo in the south. ?? from Luzon are extraordinarily pale and on the under surface of a faded yellow-brown 
colour. - - apollonia Fruhst. The ground-colour holds the middle between the red-brown P. ida and the black- 
brown intermedia Fldr. The ocelli on both wings are very small, slightly pupilled with black. The discal 
band on the f. w. is more strongly undulate than in ida, its inner border more broadly black before the apex. 
Also the submarginal band on the f. w. is broader than in specimens from Java, but on the other hand the black 
discal band on h. w. is quite narrow. The two undulate, black, submarginal bands on h. w. are placed more 
closely together than is found” in the allied races, hedonia from the Moluccas excepted. Beneath it is not unlike 
intermedia, being profusely shaded with gray in the submarginal zone of both wings and in that portion of 
the h. w. which is enclosed within the very oblique and conspicuous, discal band. Flores (type), Sumbawa. — 
intermedia Fldr. found throughout Celebes, resembles above teurnia (H6e), but is of larger size, the ocelli are 
always smaller and paler fulvous, and the dark portions of the upper surface are less prominent. The ? is 
larger and paler gray than cf. Collected by me during January near Macassar whence also Felder obtained 
his type. The ?? from this locality are much larger than those caught during November or December at Toli-Toli 
in the northern part of the island, and are much paler in colour. — teurnia subsp. nov. (116 c) is distinguished 
from intermedia by its darker colouring and the bright red-brown ocelli on the under surface of the h. w. 
Sula-Mangoli. — hedonia L. (116 e) from the southern Moluccas, is very common in Amboina, Ceram and the 
Ulias Islands. From Burn I have but one 2. — thero suhsp. nov. from the Spice Islands (Banda, Goram e. a.), 
with still brighter fulvous ocelli and a nearly white, subterminal border on the f. w. — hellanis Fldr., above 
almost black-brown with a row of dark red eye-spots. Beneath it is black-brown, banded with blue-violet, 
the submarginal band nearly whitish, but not nearly as broad as in hedonia , or chalky-white as in thero. ? 
above somewhat lighter brown, beneath irrorated with pale violet. Ternate, Batjan, Halmaheira. — numana 
suhsp. nov. forms a transition from hellanis to the southern form hedonia which latter it resembles above; 
beneath it is distinguished by a broad, gray-violet, submarginal zone. From Obi, where it is quite rare. - 
zelima F., originally described from Australia, inhabits the entire Papuan Region, extends eastward to the 
Salomon Islands and west as far as the Aru and the Key Islands. From the Salomon Islands and the Bis¬ 
marck Archipelago 1 have no specimens, but judging from the specimens derived from six different localities, 
the form appears there extraordinarily constant, displaying even in the different islands but slight and un¬ 
reliable differences in colour. The ?? are slightly paler than the cfcf, differing beneath only in the greater 
or lesser extent of the gray-violet irroration. But the presence of a white subapical spot on the costal margin 
of the h. w., which Felder and other authors after him considered to be peculiar to the species, is purely 
individual and common to all forms of hedonia and even iphita, being not influenced even by the season. In 
addition we find occasionally a small dash, one cf in the Honrath coll, displaying even three of remarkable 
size. But it seems that in the Aru and Key Islands colour-aberrations are frequent, for Niceville reports from 
the Key Islands P. hedonia ida and hedonia zelima., whilst Pagenstecher names three forms, among which also 
hedonia, as peculiar to Aru; but as hedonia is confined to the southern Moluccas, and P. hedonia ida to the 
Macromalayan Archipelago, I can only explain it by assuming those forms to be colour- aberrations. Above 
zelima resembles teurnia , but is as a rule paler brown. Found in Australia from the Nerang River to Cape 
York. Specimens from all over New-Guinea, Mysole, Waigeu, Key, Queensland and Kiriwina in my collection. 
The Australian rainy-season form resembles, according to Butler, the specimens from the Key Islands. 
Group b) Junonia. 
Although its range of distribution embraces four Continents, the greatest number of species are found 
in the Indo-Australian Region; they are partly of African, partly of Australian origin. Most species are very 
constant; although distributed over enormous territories, they vary but little, one species (orithya) excepted, which 
