Publ. 11. IV. 1012. 
PRECIS. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
521 
shading into the yellow-red characteristic of expansa. — walkeri Bib. (type from the small Island of 
Semao to the west of Timor). Appearing as a great rarity in Java, the yellow form walkeri becomes more 
abundant, the farther east one goes. In Key apparently only these yellow forms exist, while expansa 
Btlr. (117 a) occurring exclusively in the Timor Islands represents the lightest form. — gardineri Fruhst. 
(= celebensis Btlr.) is a very large form; the upper surface is heavily obscured bearing relatively small, 
yellowish patches on the f. w. and small ocelli brightly ringed with red on the hindwings. Rather scarce. 
I took it in January at Patnunuang Asue, S. Celebes. It is closely allied to specimens from Burn and Saparua 
in my coll. — R5ber also mentions Ceram, and Semper S. E. Mindanao as its home. In the Aru islands, however, 
we meet with an exclusively Papuan design of colouring in the form antigone Fldr ., approaching leucophora 
(117 b) both in outline and markings, but with smaller white spots on f. w. and proximally larger ocelli 
bordered with black and of a deeper brown-yellow tone on the h. w. — tegea subsp. nov. represents a distinct 
form in the Staudinger collection having the white spots in the subapical fascia on the f. w. twice as large as in 
antigone. Waigeu. — tristis Misk. (117 b) type from British New-Guinea, is the most extreme case of Melanism 
in the collective species. ? a little larger, outline of wings more rounded, the spots on the forewing more 
pronounced and partly of a purer white. The eye-spots in the row of ocelli on the h. w. are proximally more 
broadly ringed with red-brown than in leucophora (117 b). Very scarce in Astrolabe-Bay, occurs more fre¬ 
quently near Finschhafen and Simbang from November until March. — iona S'in. is a somewhat lighter form 
from Dutch New Guinea with the basal half of the upper surface of both wings pale olive-coloured. Under 
surface less reddish-brown than in antigone from Aru. From Humboldt Bay, unknown to me in natura. —- 
leucophora Fruhst. (117 b, ? instead of cf 1 ). The cT differs from the figured ? in its somewhat darker ground¬ 
colour and the smaller white spots on the f. w. Underside as in antigone Fldr. and the other Papuan forms 
gray-brown, the f. w. being thinly laved with white in the apical portion and bearing a white double fascia 
distally to the anal eye-spot.. The 3 or 4 white blotches placed proximally to the ocellus are but slightly 
indicated, more distinctly in the females, forming the continuation of the subapical macular band. In iona 
Sm. and tristis , however, the white spotting is wanting. Kiriwina and Fergusson Islands. 
P. timorensis, a distinct species peculiar to the Timor Islands, cf rather similar to the ?. Ground¬ 
colour dark-brown, a little lighter exteriorly. Forewing always with a short, white-yellow diagonal fascia 
and a small subapical spot; h. w. with two well-marked ocelli, the foremost of which is nearly always double, 
sometimes showing posteriorly an accessory ocellus. As a rule the $ shows also an intramedian eye-spot. 
Two seasonal forms, the larger of which belonging to the dry-season displays a gray marmorated underside, 
whereas the specimens belonging to the rainy-season are smaller and black underneath. The white semi¬ 
band in the ? of the latter form is sometimes dusted with brown beneath in specimens of the dry-season and 
may occasionably be almost wholly obliterated. The extent of the macular row on the f. w. above varies 
according to habitat or season. — valesca Fruhst. (117 a) of which the $ is figured, is a little larger and 
lighter yellow distally than specimens from Wetter and Sumba. Everett has discovered this form in Alor. — 
timorensis Wall., type from Timor, shows a somewhat larger fascia of a white colour, especially on the f. w. 
beneath; a number of specimens from Wetter and Letti in my coll. — cibota subsp. nov. represents the much 
smaller form from Sumba Island, in which the white distal bordering beneath characteristic of timorensis is 
almost wanting. Of the specimens in the author’s collection some cfcf belonging to the rainy-season form have 
the underside entirely black, others of the dry-season slightly mottled with blue-gray; others again show on 
the f. w. a transverse series of pure white spots together with 3 large and two smaller occelli on the h. w. 
(rainy-season), and finally there are specimens in which the gray colouring is indistinct, without any well-marked 
ocelli on the h. w. and without the white subapical spots on the f. w. beneath (dry-season). 
P. villida, an Australian species ranging eastward as far as the Fiji and Samoa Islands and westward 
to Sumba and Java, Extreme cases of variability are shown in our figures 11 6 e, f. The under surface changes 
according to the season, the hind wings being either an uniform gray or displaying bright bands of fulvous. 
On the f. w. is invariably found an anal ocellus with an extensive red-yellow border, moreover the cell is tra¬ 
versed by two reddish streaks.In the rainy-season form a reddish submarginal zone is occasionally found, 
studded with small eye-spots pupilled with blue, which are reduced to mere dots in the dry-season form. 
In addition to this it has on both wings a subterminal series of black dots well pronounced in the brood of 
the rainy-season, fading away into gray in the dry-season form. The butterflies fly in open places, often 
settling on the ground with the wings expanded. Larva, according to Dr. Pagenstecher and Mathew, feeding 
on Plantago major and lanceolata, also on Antirrhinum ami other plants, such as Daphne; when fullgrown, it 
measures 37—40 mm. in length; it is cylindrical, tapering in front. Black-brown, with a series of short, blunt 
and branching, dorsal and subdorsal spines placed at and below the..spiracles. Each segment has above the 
spiracle a gray lunular spot and a white-green line. Head black, heart-shaped, with a shorter spine on either 
side and sparingly covered with fine black hair. On the second segment an orange-tinted collar becomes vi¬ 
sible, when the head is stretched out in feeding. Legs black, prolegs spotted with brown-yellow. Pupa short 
and stout, attached to the underside of leaves, to a trunk or a stone; dark-brown spotted with gray, 
phylace subsp. nov., the smallest of all known forms, on the upper side with very narrow yellow subapical 
IX 66 
walkeri. 
expansa. 
gardineri. 
antigone. 
tegea. 
tristis. 
iona. 
leucophora. 
valesca. 
timorensis. 
cibota. 
phylace. 
