522 
PRECIS. By II. Fruhstorfer. 
procax. 
villida. 
astrolabi- 
ensis. 
bismarcki- 
ana. 
taitica. 
samoensis. 
spots; the ocelli show at the periphery less inclination to run together than is the case in taitica. Under 
surface more dainty than in the allied forms, h. w. almost gray white, with a narrow, nearly while median 
band proximally shaded with a delicate black and distally limited by an undulate band. Outer zone of ocelli 
but slightly red: terminal band again gray-white. These richly ornamented specimens were already noticed 
by Doherty, according to whose report they frequent the sterile plains of the island and are very scarce. I 
possess only the rainy-season form. Specimens belonging to the dry-season form are probably larger, judging 
from 2 cfcf taken in the Islands of Tenimber and Kisser during that period, which are the largest from among 
34 villida in my coll. In these, termed procax form, nov., the bordering of the ocelli is enlarged as far as the 
centre of the wing. Eye-spots prominently pup died with blue. Under surface gray sand-coloured, pale 
red in the cell and at the anal eye-spot. — villida F., occurs thoughout Australia spreading thence to all the 
neighbouring islands. Thus it is found in Tasmania, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Key, Aru, Christmas 
Island, and Java, where it has at one time been found by Horsfield. Four local forms are distinguished by 
Butler, one each for the wet and dry seasons and two intermediate forms. The specimens before me are 
very small, belonging to an intermediate form shaded above within the red corona with a beautiful green- 
blue, such as is not found in the other villida in my coll. —- astrolabiensis Hay. represents on the whole 
an obscure form, in which the rings around the ocelli on the h. w., at least in the cfcf, stand quite 
isolated. In the ??, however, these rings are generally united. The specimens from the Moluccas may also 
be classified here. — bismarckiana Hag. is a separate insular race of very small size in which the bordering of the 
ocelli is confluent. From Bismarck Archipelago, also from several islands of the Marshall and Caroline Groups, 
(Jap, Palau) and the Solomon Islands. — taitica Seitz in lit., are called specimens with an extremely pale 
upper surface broadly marked with fulvous, such as I have before me from the Marquesas Islands and also 
from the Fiji Islands. Butler names also the Gilbert, Ellice and Navigator Islands, Mathew the Friendly Is¬ 
lands and Royuman as localities where this form is found. As with the exception of the Sumba race, no 
other form is constant, the names must be rather considered to signify the locality than to designate well- 
established insular races. Specimens from Samoa have been described in 1910 as samoensis Reb. This variety 
differs from the Australian forms of villida in its inferior size (19 —25 mm. as against 22—27 mm.) as well as in the 
confluent yellow-red bordering of the blue-pupilled ocelli; the ground-colour is darker throughout. Is fond 
of visiting the blossoms of Mimosa pudica. Upolu, Samoa, common in May. 
P. orithya, a species displaying a strong migratory instinct and capacity for expansion; it ranges from 
W.-Africa to Australia reaching the islands situate to the north of the latter continent. Being geographically 
of the greatest sensibility it splits into a long series of territorial and insular races, but seems to be more 
constant in the Ethiopian region than in the East. Its varietal forms have repeatedly been studied, Auri- 
villius alone having in 1882 filled two large quarto pages in enumerating the literature relating thereto. Even 
Linne has known three varieties which have always been confounded with each other. Like all the Junonia, 
orithya. orithya reaches its highest degree of development in China as orithya L. (Vol. 1, p, 197) both in size and 
character of markings of the ocelli on the h. w. Only the blue apical spot on the f. w. is as a rule smaller 
(sometimes wholly disappearing), than in orithya from other localities. Very beautiful are the specimens of 
isocratia. the dry-season (Vol. 1 , p. 197 pi. 62 b). — f. temp, isocratia Him. (Leech, Butt. China etc., Fig. 10 cT, Fig. 8 ?). 
In the cfc? the ocelli on the h. w. are surrounded by distinct rings of red, and the distal margin is dusted 
with blue, while the underside is an ashy-gray. The ? is polychrome. There are specimens in which the 
upperside of the h. w. is suffused with smoky-gray throughout (Leech Fig. 7 and Seitz. Vol. 1 , pi. 62 c); in 
others again the outer half of the wings is violet or blue (Cramer, Pap. expt., pi. 19, Leec.h Fg 8 and Seitz, 
Vol. 1 , pi. 62b). South-western China, southern Formosa, very common up to elevations of 4800 ft., Ishigaki 
(one ? with the space between the ocelli on the upper side of the h. w. having a touch of yellow), southern 
Japan. Whereas but two different shades of colouring may be detected (depending on the season) among the 
specimens found in Formosa, the rainy season produces in China ?? whose hindwings are blue on the upper 
surface. Thus six ?? of the rainy-season form have only a yellowish or yellowish-green subanal zone on the 
h. w., those of the dry-season form, however, a more or less sharply marked distal portion whose colour 
hainanensis. varies from light-blue to green-blue. — hainanensis subsp. nov., described from a $ of the summer brood, has 
a narrow, light-blue submarginal area on the h. w. above, on the f. w. a yellowish area still larger than 
in ?? from China, and a strikingly broad cream-coloured distal margin on the hindwing. — Specimens 
ocyale. from Tonkin, Annum and Siam form the transition to ocyale Hbn. from Hindostan: also in these the rainy- 
season produces the lovely blue colour exhibited on the hind wings of ?? Rom China, but which never is 
phycites. quite sharply defined proximally; this is phycites forma nova ( phycites, a gem of the ancients unknown to us). 
Larva lives on Hygrophila and Antirrhinum orontium. The butterfly ascends to an elevation of from 9 — 
10000 ft. in Sikkim. Dry-seasonal specimens are very small; one cf from Sikkim has the apex of the f. w. 
on the upper surface white. Frequents dry, stony places, where large numbers may often be seen together 
with J. hierte hovering over low-growing flowers. To ocyale belong most of the specimens that come from 
swinhoei. Tonkin, Annum and Siam, Sikkim, Assam and Tenasserim. — swinhoei Btlr. is the name of a form in which 
the stone-gray underside never varies throughout the whole year, always showing the colouring peculiar to 
