PRECIS. By II. Fruhstorfer. 
523 
the dry period; its chief characteristics are is the sharply defined black basal area, the light blue colour of the 
distal portion of the h. w„ which does not blend with the inner half, and the increase of blue colouring on 
the subanal area of the f. w. above. I have before me a great many specimens from the neighbourhood of 
Mardan, N. W. Province; it is met with in all the dry parts of western India and the western Himalayas, 
and ranges northward to Quetta in Baludshistan where it gradually changes into the eastern ocyale. — patenas patenas. 
subsp. nov. is an extremely dwarfed race of the rainy-season, from Ceylon. ? above either brown or appert¬ 
aining to phycites. F. w. with delicate, narrow, very distinct, almost white fasciae and a large quadrate 
subanal patch of blue. Under surface not so gaily mottled as in ocyale from Sikkim and Assam. Ceylon, in 
the Patenas, the dusty and dry grass-lands, up to 3200 ft. alt. — here Lung (Vol 1 , p. 197) inhabits Asiatic here. 
Turkey and Arabia; boopis Trim, occurs in S. and E. Africa, madagascariensis Guen. in Madagascar. The series 
of the Macromalayan branches begins with wallacei Dist. which is a form with highly variegated underside wallacei. 
marmorated with a rich red-brown and with an extensive blue irroration on the f. w. above. ? brown 
with a relatively narrow, yellowish intramedian area between the ocelli on the h. w. Malay Peninsula; not 
very abundant. -— minagara Fruhst. is a sharply-defined local form with a very broad, light-yellow sub- minagara. 
apical fascia on the f. w. and broad, yellowish outer margin on the upperside of the h. w., which occasionally 
continuing beyond the inner black submarginal band becomes visible between the ocelli. Lucas has given a 
good picture of it, also Godart knew specimens of it from Java, but confounded them with the prece¬ 
ding continental and Chinese forms. ?? from eastern Java, although noticeably smaller than those from the 
western portion of the island, have a broader, yellowish band on the f. w., more sharply defined proximally 
and forming a straighter line. Specimens from Java differ from wallacei Dist. in the much lighter colouring 
of the 1 . w., the more richly red-bordered ocelli, and the whitish tinge on the inner portion of the submarginal 
fascia of the h. w. Semper considered it synonymous with wallacei Dist. being seconded by Niceville. Thus 
more than a century elapsed before this beautiful local race, first figured by Hubner, gained its well-deserved 
place in the system. Western and eastern Java, Bali. The ? form phycites is very scarce; among 10 brown 
?? only one was found showing a slight blue-green tinge. - sumatrana Fruhst. The yellow diagonal band sumatrana. 
on the 1 . w. broader than in wallacei , narrower than in minagara, the ocelli on the h. w. in the cf larger than 
in wallacei, those on the h. w. of the ? smaller than in specimens from Java. The yellow distal margin of 
the h. w. narrower than in minagara. As a great rarity the ?-form phycites is represented by specimens showing 
a faint, pale green area on the h. w. Sometimes occurring in immense numbers in the Lalang Savannas clinging 
to grasses or resting on the ground with expanded wings. — baweana Fruhst. forms the geographical and baweana. 
morphological transition from minagara to mevaria. The yellow band on the f. w. shows the characteristics 
of both races. Bawean, abundant from July until September, presumably also in Kangean. — metion Fruhst. met ion. 
Specimens from N. Borneo are distinguished from -wallacei Dist. by having the subapical bands on the f. w. 
lighter yellow but much reduced, rendering more prominent the black apical colouring. The underside ot the 
f. w. is at the anal angle darker, while on the h. w. the submarginal zone is blackish instead of brown. x4 
cf from Sandakan bears essentially broader bands on the f. w. than c?cf from the Sultanate of Brunei, and a 
mere dot-like anterior ocellus on the upperside of the h w. — leucasia subsp. nov. has extraordinarily large, leucasia. 
orange-coloured discal patches on the f. w. and very large, black anterior ocelli on the h. w. above. The 
under surface of both wings is just as dark as in specimens from Borneo, and the red-yellow con¬ 
necting stripe between the subterminal eye-spots on the f. w. as prominent as in -minagara Fruhst. from Java. 
5 cfcf from Luzon in my coll. According to Semper it occurs throughout the Philippine islands, having two 
broods there. Specimens from the Jolo Islands lean in both sexes more towards the Sandakan race. - 
mevaria Fruhst. (116 f) inhabits Micromalayana, from Lombok to Kalao, with the exception of the Timor and mevaria. 
Tenimber Groups. Distant has quite correctly foreseen that his wallacei would not go beyond Wallace’s Line; 
for the Javan form minagara Fruhst. which he considered to be identical with the Perak race, disappears in 
Lombok. Unfortunately I have no material from Bali, but it may be imagined that specimens from that locality 
resemble Javan ones. Certainly the Lombok race named mevaria by me diverges considerably from 
minagara, in as much as the yellowish subapical bands are much narrower, just as in metion, while the ochreous 
bordering of the ocelli on the f. w. is very much reduced, causing the black ground-colour to spread 
much farther, especially in the apical area. As a rule the upper ocellus on the h. w. becomes darker, 
always remaining inferior in size compared with specimens from Java. The under surface becomes dusky, the 
tinge changes from ochreous to brownish. Also the ? has narrower subapical bands and smaller ocelli on both 
wings, while the yellow tinge between the ocelli on the h. w. vanishes. 2 ¥-forms are known: one uniformly 
smoke-brown, the other (which is a more frequent aberration,) with a blue or violet submarginal zone on the 
h. w., whilst in the ¥¥ from Java the predominant tinge is smoke-brown. Lombok (type), Sumbawa, Flores, 
Alor, Savu, Kalao. Most striking is a ¥ which I captured in April 1896 on Sambalun plateau, well-known for 
its wealth of butterflies, at an altitude of about 4000 ft. In this ¥, a beautiful violet-blue spreads over the 
distal portion of the black basal area on the upper surface of both wings. The ¥ from Kalao shows, both above 
and beneath, a greatly extended red-yellow colouring resembling celebensis and saleyra. — In Sumba we find the 
smallest form: minuscula Fruhst. This rule holds good for all the Junonia species and almost all the Nymphalids minuscula. 
and Pierids found in this island. All the specimens which I have before me belong to the rainy-season form. 
