530 
SYMBRENTHIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
formosanus. mah, but southward not beyond the western and eastern Ghats, in the Latitude of Vizagapatam. — formo- 
sanus Fruhst. (121 e) has in the among all the known forms by far the broadest black bands, and also in $ 
the yellow-brown stripes are on the hindwings almost one half as broad as in the $ of lucina Cr. from China. Found 
in Formosa from April until August, from the southern point of the island (Taihanroku) to an elevation of 4000 ft. 
ihimo. in the central mountains. Not scarce. —■ thimo Fruhst. is the first in a series of highly interesting, insular forms 
from the Philippines, the determination of which by Semper and Staudinger was made very difficult by the 
existence of a number of different seasonal forms. The form from Luzon approaches in the rather those 
from Continental India, particulary daruka Moore, in the broader yellow subapical and subbasal patches on 
galepsus. the forewing, which serve to distinguish it at a glance from spercheius and philippensis . Luzon. -—- galepsus 
Fruhst. from Mindoro has in £ all the black bands broader, and the yellowish-white markings correspondingly 
anna, reduced; the under surface is more richly marked with violet and black than in thimo. —- anna Semp., type 
from the Camotes Islands (between Cebu and Leyte), has according to the figures made by Semper of 
specimens from Bohol, two $-forms, one of which belonging to the rainy-season has on the upper surface the 
black bands very broad and the fulvous bands quite narrow; the other one of the dry-season (cf. fig. 8, pi. 21 of 
Semper’s work on Philippine butterflies) has the bands still much broader and laved with yellow at the peri¬ 
phery. Such specimens are also contained in Semper’s collection in the Senckenberg Museum, being named 
philip- by me in 1899 $-forma philippensis Fruhst. —- The showy, dark and large form from Mindanao called semperi 
pcnsis. Moore (nom. nud.) has by far the largest $$, still more copiously laved with yellow at the periphery than $$ 
s perchius. f rom Bohol. — sperchius Fruhst. differs in S from semperi Moore (= lucina Semp., Schmett. Phil. pi. 21, fig. 7, 
nec $) in the narrower subapical and the much broader black bands on the hindwings. The $ which is much 
larger than philippensis-^., has all the light bands considerably narrower, although somewhat broader than 
in anna Semp. from Bohol. Types from Bazilan in my collection, collected in February and March by W. Do- 
dissoluta. herty. -—• dissoluta Stgr. Although it was originally established as a subspecies of hypatia, it remains still 
doubtful whether it should not rather be classed with hippoclus, considering that Staudinger was unable to 
distinguish between the three Macromalayan species. According to Staudinger the $$ have the bands almost clear 
white, resembling javanus forma hippocla Hbn. This subspecies seems to be very scarce, or limited to a certain 
jolonus. period, for Doherty found during January 1898 not a single specimen. Palawan. — jolonus subsp. nov. appears 
from the specimens contained in Semper’s collection to have the black bands nearly twice as broad as dissoluta 
and not notched at their edges; judging from the ^-specimens in the Staudinger collection, they are more 
variegated than those from Borneo, being a distinct transition to the more richly marked from the Philip- 
aritus. pines. Jolo, Sulu Archipelago. -—- aritus subsp. nov. on the other hand represents a transition from the Jolo 
race to dissoluta from Palawan, differing from either form in the unusually small, subapical patches on the 
forewings. Collected by the Malay Angara on the islands adjacent to the northern point of Palawan. Type 
marius. in Semper’s collection. -— marius Fruhst. from Borneo is larger than the Javanese form and rather darker in co¬ 
lour. The black bands are greatly enlarged at the expense of the red-brown ground-colour, although narrower 
than in violetta Hag. from Sumatra. Beneath the ground-colour is lighter than in violetta, but darker than in 
hippocla, being intermediate between the two. The $ from the lowlands of Borneo closely approaches the 
lowland-$ of the Sumatran form, but has the black bands much more frayed-out i. e. more deeply notched 
or sharply dentate; the red-brown areas are greatly reduced in size. A similar behaviour is noticed in the Al¬ 
pine forms of those islands; specimens from Sumatra are larger and darker, with broader black and more rectilineal 
lucianus. bands. Northern Borneo; type from the lowlands, south-eastern Borneo, Amuntai. -—- lucianus Fruhst. from 
the Malay Peninsula, somewhat like daruka Moore from Siam, which it connects with the other Macromalayan 
violetta. forms. The yellow bands are somewhat broader than in Sumatran specimens. — violetta Hag., based upon spe¬ 
cimens from the Battak Mountains in Sumatra, is somewhat larger in size; beneath it is marked with brillant 
sumatranus. violet, resembling specimens found in the Bovenlanden near Padang in western Sumatra. — sumatranus subsp. nov. 
represents the form from the lowlands, resembling in the $ khasiana Moore, differing from the $$ of violetta 
in the broader yellow subapical band on the forewing and the general predominancy of the yellow bands. Larva 
found on Rameh, an Urticacea, always five or six living together in a leaf spun together with silk-threads, quite 
common in November and December. Pupa like that of Van. urticae. White $$, such as we know from Java, 
have not been observed in Sumatra. When flying they resemble a yellow Neptis; but their motions are more 
niasicus. rapid, quickly carrying them out of sight (Martin). — niasicus Moore (1899) (= niasicus Fruhst. 1900). The 
S'6 are rather darker than in the Javanese form, more broadly banded with black, the orange bands correspond¬ 
ingly narrower. All the black bands are on either side strongly frayed out, giving this form a most peculiar 
appearance hard to describe. In three out of four $$ the black median band on the forewing does not touch 
batunensis. the costal margin. -—- batunensis subsp. nov. is more like violetta from western Sumatra than like the form 
from Nias. All the reddish bands as well as the club-shaped spot in the cell are greatly enlarged. The under 
surface appears more faded than in niasicus, and not by far of such a deep red-brown tint as in violetta. Batu Islands. 
