SYMBRENTHIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
species, is one of the most common butterflies of western Java, being found everywhere at elevations of from 
2000—3800 ft, generally on moist spots of the roads leading through the woods. Beneath it is distinguished 
from all hitherto described forms by the red-brown discal spots. — redesilla Fruhst. differs from hypselis in the redesilla. 
greater extent of all the black bands on the upper surface, in consequence of which the red-brown spots are 
reduced in size. Beneath, however, the mottled red-brown patches predominate; the $ is much paler, the yellow 
bands are sometimes pure white in the middle. It is found at altitudes of from 1500-—- ca. 4500 ft., alighting 
on wet spots, and is one of the first butterflies which after a rainfall give life to the landscape. If no fit places 
are available where they may follow their favorite occupation of sipping water, they alight with expanded 
wings on low shrubs. Considering their delicate wings, they fly very rapidly in a zigzag-course, but never any 
great distance. Eastern Java, collected by me on the vulcano Arjuna and the Tengger Mountains. — optatus optatus. 
subsp. nov. the most eastern form, displays all the characteristics of redesilla, only in a higher degree. The $$ 
have on the upper surface of both wings the black median bands bordered with red-brown, and also beneath 
we notice a great increase of the siena-brown patches at the expense of the black spotting. Island of Bali, 
first discovered by Doherty; 3 in my collection. — balunda Stgr. is the largest of all the insular forms, balunda. 
easily recognized by having the subapical spot on the fore wing protracted into the shape of a band, although 
in the $ not quite so broad as in Ottilia -$ from Nias. Underside with more prominent black marbling than in 
circesia from Sumatra. From the Kina-Balu district in North-Borneo; also one pair from Amuntai, south¬ 
eastern Borneo, in my collection, niphandina subsp. nov. from Palawan, named niphanda by Staudinger in niphandina. 
his list of the Rhopalocera of that island. It is inferior in size to balunda, with lighter yellow bands on the upper 
surface. Scarce, not found by Doherty. Type in the Staudinger collection in the Zoological Museum at Berlin. 
S. brabira is an excellent, widely-distributed species, ranging throughout the Himalayas and north¬ 
ward to western China, lately discovered by H. Sauter also in Formosa. It is by no means a winter-form of 
S. hypselis colanda, as Stichel states in Vol. 1, p. 211, but splits in the Indian Region into several distinct 
seasonal and local forms. —- hysudra Moore and brabira Moore are relatively small forms from Cashmere, hysudra. 
representing an intermediate resp. dry-season form. In size they resemble scatinia, but have the under surface brabira. 
much paler yellow and less densely spotted with black. — asthala Moore (nec Leech), however, was based on the asthala. 
rainy-season form from Cashmere, surpassing scatinia (121 e) in size, with broad black bands above. Doherty 
found these various forms in the Kumaon Himalaya at elevations of from 5—-9000 ft. It is also reported from the 
upper Ganges valley, Kulu and Masuri. -— sivokana Moore from the eastern Himalaya, where it is often taken sivokana. 
by the collectors in Native-Sikkim in considerable numbers, especially during March; still it is hardly ever found 
in German collections. It is quite likely that some other form of brabira will be discovered in western China, 
but the specimens figured by Leech as asthala belong really to hippoclus lucina Cr., whereas his description 
refers to a form of hypselis named sinica by Moore, with which he may have confounded some forms of brabira. 
At any rate it is certain that scatinia Fruhst. (121 e), whose appearance in Formosa is rather surprising, be- scatinia. 
longs to brabira, differing from all the other subspecies in the more irregular, zigzag-shaped subapical spot, and the 
darker bands on the upper surface. Beneath it is remarkable for the melanotic colouring and the minute, dark 
blue, submarginal specks. The $ has the wings more rounded, with paler yellow bands, and is larger than the 
d. Not at all scarce at Chip-Chip and Lehiku Lake in Formosa, at an elevation of about 4000 ft.; discovered 
by H. Sauter. 
S. niphanda Moore (121d), another species of the hypselis group, limited to Sikkim and Bhotan. Itis easily niphanda. 
known by having on the under surface the otherwise pure white median areas faintly irrorated with pink, and the 
submarginal region broadly marked with blue; the upper surface has the subapical band undulate and angled 
like in scatinia, the subanal stripe uncommonly narrow, and on the hindwing the median band reddish-white 
in the centre. — silana Nicev. appears from the specimens in my collection to be a well-differentiated winter silana. 
form, possessing all the characteristics of such, namely the increased lighter striation, and on the under surface the 
brown-margined, black, square spots, silana is peculiar to the lowlands, niphanda an Alpine form. The former 
has so far only been found between March and May, niphanda however as late as October, at elevations of from 
3500—5000 ft. 
S. hypatia, an interesting, purely Macromalayan species, not heard of again since Wallace’s time, 
and quite rare until I rediscovered it in considerable numbers during my stay in Java, and published in 1894 
the first recognizeable picture in the Stettiner Entom. Ztg. Staudinger considered for a long time hypatia 
to be identical with hippoclus. On the upper surface it has the longest and broadest, zigzag-shaped, subapical 
stripe which, in connection with two roundish patches above it, render it easily recognizeable among all the other 
species. Still more characteristic is the under surface which is entirely devoid of all black markings, displaying 
