RHINO PAL PA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
539 
a rare form from the Malay Penisula, which for a long time was not recognized on account of the unnatural 
figure which Delessert gave us of the ?, and which Distant rendered still more unrecogniceable by the addition 
of some heavy blue lines. Moore, Semper and myself were the first who established its identity with Felder’s 
fulva. The ?? contained in the Staudinger coll, in Berlin are closely connected with ?? of binnana , differing 
from ?? from Sumatra in the purer and paler yellow shading of the median area on the upper surface of both 
wings. — polynice Cr. is rather common in north-eastern Sumatra, where the dd may be often found feasting polynice. 
on the ordure of animals along forest-roads. The ?? present a superficial similarity to the ordinary Cirrochroa ??. 
Cramer’s type came from Padang in western Sumatra, whence 1 have several ?? in my collection which are 
distinguished from those of helionice (113b) by the narrower black marginal border and the lighter basal area above, 
as well as by the presence of a reddish-yellow zone inside of the chain of ocelli. — acharis sub.sp. nov. connects acharis. 
polynice with helionice , manifesting its melanotic insular character by the loss of the white anteterminal lines, 
the red-brown bordering of the ocelli and the altogether duskier colouring of the under surface. From the Natuna 
Islands. — helionice sub.sp. nov. (113 b) differs from polynice d in that the colour of the upper surface is lighter helionice. 
yellow-brown instead of red-brown. Of ? there exist two forms, one represented by the figure, found in the 
lower plains, of relatively small size, with quite minute submarginal dots on the upper surface of the hindwing, 
but without the red-brown approach to the ocelli in the distal half of the hindwing beneath. — elema form. nov. elema. 
however, shows on the hindwing some prominent round intramedian dots and, moreover, a cocoa-brown basal 
area and a dark purplish-brown submarginal zone on the under surface of both wings; but the whitish median 
area, although reduced in extent, contrasts more sharply with the deep colour of the neighboring portion. From 
northern Borneo, Kina-Balu district. — callonice Fruhst. (113 c) is distinguished among all the Macromalayan callonice. 
forms by its small size, and by having the distal border of both wings uncommonly broad in d, whereas in ? 
it is obsolete and only indicated by a shade of brown, which again leaves more room for the development of 
the black ocelli on the hindwing, rendering them free and visible as far as the subcostal. Beneath the dd are 
more richly marked with brown-red than specimens from Java and Sumatra. In the ? the whitish submarginal and 
median zones on both wings are enlarged to such an extent that they surpass even the Javanese race, which 
otherwise is so remarkable for its light colouring. Occasionally one meels a form of the ? having the upper 
surface of both wings dusted with smoky-brown; this may be due to the rainy-season: nocturnia form. nov. noclurnia. 
Occurs on the island of Nias, where it is rather scarce. — mentawica subsp. nov. is distinguished from callonice- mentawica. 
?? by the very conspicuous, 10 mm broad, black distal border on the upper surface of both wings. From the 
Mentawej Islands. — elpenice Fldr. resembles in d somewhat callonice , but on the forewing the black distal elpinice. 
border is more straight i. e. the apical border does not extend so far towards the middle portion of the wing as 
is the case with dd specimens from Nias. The ? is comparatively small, very closely allied to the ? of helionice , 
beneath darker than those of polynice, almost without any whitish tint in the median zone. In eastern Java a 
dry-season form appears to come into existence, having in ?? the entire upper surface pale yellow, whereas the 
black marginal border becomes obsolete near the lower radial, and gradually shades into the ground-colour, elpinice 
is quite rare in Java; the dd are found at elevations of from 1500—2000 ft, in wet places on the roads leading 
through the forest. Doherty has collected it also in Bali. Beginning with tamora we bring now a series of insular- 
races, which inhabit the Philippines and are easily distinguished from the Macromalayan forms by the fact that in 
the ?? which differ but slightly from the dd , the black border extends on both wings as far as the cell, whereby 
the basal area is greatly reduced in width. According to Semper, specimens from Luzon have the basal area larger 
than those from Mindanao. Darkest of all appears to be the form from Mindoro; in Panay a specially modified 
insular form has developed. — tamora Fruhst. from the island of Bazilan, is of very large size and approaches in tamora. 
the proportions of the black border birmana. Ground-colour as in callonice-dd. Flies in February and March. Disco¬ 
vered by Doherty. — validice subsp. nov. (113 b) is probably the dry-season form of the Mindanao race. The figure validice. 
corresponds to the ? from eastern Mindanao which Semper represented on pi. 21 of his work on the Philippines. 
Besides this there exist in Mindanao ?? with bright yellow basal area on both wings and superior in size to 
validice ; it may be the wet-season form, if it does not indeed come from some other island. This may be named . 
bellinice %-form. nov. ■— amoenice subsp. nov. is intermediate between the forms from Mindanao and Luzon, amoenice. 
The only d specimen I possess closely resembles validice in its general colouring, but the basal area is shaded 
with a brighter fulvous colour. Smaller in size, resembling callonice -?. The ¥ of amoenice 1 do not possess 
myself, but saw it in Jhe Staudinger coll. In size it is inferior to validice , and the basal area is still more 
obscured. From Mindoro. — panayana subsp. nov. represents a distinct retrogression to the Macromalayan forms, panayana- 
Both wings are light yellow at the base and slightly shaded with red-brown at the distal margin. The outer 
border is narrow and black, contrasting with amoenice in which the dark colouring exeeds the red-brown. From 
the island of Panay. The type is in the Semper collection in the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfort-on-Main. 
stratonice Fldr. inhabits the northern Philippines, extending even to the Babuyanes, d differs from the Mindoro stratonice. 
race in having the basal area of the hindwing light fulvous, and the black outer half of the forewing proximally 
more sharply defined than is seen in amoenice. It is reasonable to believe that there exist also seasonal forms 
of stratonice , which however are not sufficiently known as yet. The large ? forms found in the southern Philippines 
. approach the gigantic megalonice Fldr. from northern Celebes, which I had formerly treated as a distinct species megalonice. 
on account of the ? being totally different. But beneath the dd agree so completely with the forms from the 
western Malay islands that they must be united with polynice. In d the under surface is traversed by more 
