Y 0 M A. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
541 
season form. This I regarded formerly as a distinct species, naming it javana Fruhst. (113 b up. surf., 137 c 
un. surface), being originally described from Java; lately I have received quite similar c?c? also from Siam (Jan¬ 
uary), the Key Islands and the Micromalayan Islands (Dannner and Roma) which latter furnished the specimen 
represented by our figure. The under surface is chiefly yellowish instead of whitish-gray, having the yellowish 
median area sharply defined proximally. The fulvous spot placed in the centre of the cell on the forewing 
may occasionally be absent. The sexual organs correspond to those of sabina , but are proportionally more delicate 
and smaller than in the larger form. With vasuki I class all the specimens from the Oriental Region including 
the Philippines, whence Semper received at one time 500 specimens caught in July near Camiguin de Mindanao. 
In Formosa and Bawean it is very common between July and September. Specimens from eastern Java are 
remarkable for the beautiful violet iridescence on the yellow median band. Found throughout the Micromalayan 
islands as far as Alor where its place is taken by sabina Cr., described by its author from Amboina, and 
found also in Burn and the Key-Islands. This form displays on the under surface, in addition to all the deviations 
in colour found in vasuki, two further remarkable ? types, one with a brown leaf-like pattern (foliacea form, 
nov.) and the other with the gray ground-colour suffused with purple (purpurea form. nov). — In the northern 
Moluccas the ?? undergo some little change, displaying in the median area a narrow longitudinal band, which 
on the h. w. is sometimes white in the centre: vasilia subsp. nov. My collection contains only the form with 
the broad white stripes beneath; type from Batjan; presumably occurs also in the other islands belonging to 
the northern Moluccas. — parva Btlr. is a rather small form from Australia, whose extreme dry-season form, 
analogous to javana, is australis Fruhst. Specimens with brown leaf-like under surface are found side by side 
with those having a conspicuous white median band. Queensland, from Cape York to Cooktown. 
Y. aigina is found throughout Melanesia; it is easily distinguished from sabina by the more rounded outline 
of the wings and the presence on the under surface of perfectly formed ocelli, which in the ? are seen also on 
the upper surface of the hindwing, and increase in size the farther east one goes. In contradistinction to sabina 
the ?? are dimorphic; in each subspecies we find ?? with a white and others with a yellow median band on the 
upper surface of the forewing. But rarely the band is white also on the hindwing, and vice versa the intramedian 
portion of the forewing may be at the periphery of a reddish or golden-yellow colour. The ?? show invariably 
smaller subapical spots than are found in sabina -??, and the white intranerval dots have a tendency to become 
obsolete, disappearing completely farther east. Seven local forms may be distinguished. — aigina Bsd., type 
probably from Waigeu. Rather inferior in size, cd but very slightly spotted with yellow at the apex; ?? most¬ 
ly belong to the yellow form. The median band on the under surface runs more in a straight line and is 
distally less angled than in sabina; the under surface displays but occasionally the leaf-pattern. Waigeu, very 
scarce. — vestina subsp. nov. (113 c) is the dark form from Dutch New-Guinea; the cY has the yellow apical 
spot on the forewing quite indistinct; the $ is small in size, with the white median band narrower than in 
specimens from Waigeu. — viruna form. nov. is a rare ? form having the marginal area of the forewing banded 
with pale ochre-yellow, and the median stripes on the hindwing much narrower than in the other subspecies 
of aigina, ending anally in a fine undulate line. Type from Kapaur; my coll, contains also specimens from 
Dorey. — netonia subsp. nov. inhabits British and a portion of German New-Guinea; it surpasses in size and 
richness of colouring all the preceding forms. The forewings of the cY are richly spotted with yellow, in 
? with white. In the white ? form the ocelli on the upper surface of the hindwing are sometimes surrounded 
by a black, at other times by a gorgeous reddish ochre-yellow halo. The median area is in both sexes extra¬ 
ordinarily broad, and it would almost seem as if the rainy-season favours the development of the white bands 
also on the under surface, whereas in a ? which beneath displays the leaf-pattern peculiar to the dry-season, 
the band grows much narrower anally and the eye-spots become obsolete, reminding one of sabina. — taurisca 
form. nov. (113 b) is a rather rare variety in which the bands on the upper surface of both wings are snowy, 
white, whereas beneath the ground-colour is completely suffused with sandy-gray. The form atomaria met with 
in sabina is also noticed here in a ? from Finschhafen. According to Hagen netonia is not at all rare at 
Stephansort on Astrolabe Bay between December and April. ?? from Simbang (Gulf of Huon) are larger, with 
more prominent, violet, submarginal spots on the forewing, and having the ocelli on the hindwing more broadly 
bordered with yellow, similar to the ?? from Milne Bay. This renders it probable that aigina from Stephansort more 
closely approaches vestina from Dutch New Guinea than the showier form from British New Guinea, a phenomenon 
which has been observed also in many other species of Rhopalocera found in those regions. — odilia subsp. 
nov. closely allied to netonia and approaching it in size, has the most highly developed fulvous subapical spots 
on the forewing; on the other hand the median area diminishes in width towards the costa both in <Y and ?. The 
black ocelli on the hindwing are more conspicuous than in the forms from New-Guinea, and beneath more 
prominently ringed with yellow, in which it approaches the following species; from Fergusson and Kiriwina Islands. 
— kokopona Ilag. does not show on the upper surface of the forewings the white and yellow dots; the median 
band is less oblique and greatly reduced in breadth. The eye-spots on the f. w. are larger than those found 
on the hindwings in the forms from New-Guinea. The longitudinal band beneath is nearly pure white, very narrow, 
of equal width on both wings. Neu-Pommern, Neu-Lauenburg and Neu-Mecklenburg. — In helisson subsp. nov. 
from Neu-Hannover, the yellow band on the forewing is steeper, and not curved as in pavonia, on the hindwing 
uniform golden-yellow, slightly shaded with fuscous exteriorly. The black eye-spots are hardly visible within 
javana. 
sabina. 
foliacea. 
purpurea. 
vasilia. 
parva. 
australis. 
aigina. 
vestina. 
viruna. 
netonia. 
taurisca. 
odilia. 
kokopona. 
helisson. 
