Full. 20. IV. 1912. 
HYPOLIMNAS. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
545 
The type came from Neu-Lauenburg; Ribbe found unicolor also in Neu-Pommern andNeu Mecklenburg, and 
the Tring Museum contains a q- specimen from Neu-Hannover. The specimens found in the Solomon Islands 
seem to approach fa. illuminata in having the upper surface of both wings paler along the outer margin. Short- 
land Islands and Ysabel. — sumbawana Pag. is a greatly differentiated form, which might almost be treated sumbawana. 
as a separate species, were it not for the fact that on the undersurface it harmonizes so completely with pithoeka 
that it must be looked upon as an isolated, stray western form of that species. The description reads: anti- 
lope arnoldi Frulist. from Sumbawa greatly differs from some d'd'-specimens in my possession which, according to 
my knowledge, have never been described, and which I call Hypolimnas sumbawana as they are limited to Sumbawa. 
In size (75 mm in expanse) and shape they closely resemble arnoldi, but are at a glance distinguished by their 
very dark, velvety black upper surface which is marked on the fore wings with 8 bluish-white submar¬ 
ginal spots, increasing in size towards the apex, and with 4 smaller ones on the hindwings, which latter in ad¬ 
dition display in the discal area a deep blue iridescence. In this they recall not only Hypolimnas bolina, 
but greatly resemble also some species of Euploea, f. i. Stidoploea lacordairei Moore and Euploea gelderi Snell. 
(dongo Doh.) from Sumbawa and melolo from Sumba, and in some respects even Elymnias undularis. The under 
surface is blackish-brown, darker than in Hyp. anomala ; on the fore wing the costa is at the base spotted 
with whitish and marked with stripes of the same colour in the middle, whence a lighter brown zone extends to the 
middle of the wing which has also the inner angle lighter in colour. The outer margin is lighter brown, 
the 5 submarginal spots are bluish-white, the upper three but feebly developed. The hindwings have the 
ground-colour brown-black, the outer margin lighter, with 7 small bluish-white submarginal spots. The 
blackish marginal border is on either side edged with a lighter colour, the fringes are on the veins whitish. The 
antennae are black, palpi beneath white, above blackish. At the head and on the lower portion of the thorax we 
notice a few bluish-white spots. Abdomen and legs are blackish (Pagenstecher). — One £ in my collection differs 
from the afore described in the absence of the blue iridescence on the hindwings. The outer border of 
the hindwing is like in pithoelca irrorated with red-brown. On the under surface the cell is along the edge 
marked with a short, pale brown band. The hindwings are, like those of Euploea tisais Fruhst., distally lighter 
brown. Island of Sumbawa, where it must be very rare, as it was not found by Doherty. It is quite likely 
that we may discover some other forms in Timor and Flores. 
H. alimena inhabits exclusively the Moluccan and Papuan Subregions throughout their entire extent, 
but is also found, like H. pithoelca, in a few greatly modified forms in the farthest eastern islands of the Micro- 
malayan archipelago. Both sexes are subject to variation. The <$<$ have on the upper surface^invariably a blue 
band, changing in width according to the locality, and distally dotted more or less conspicuously with white. CS 
from Australia, the Key and Timorlaut Islands as well as from the isles of the Timor Sea resemble in the white- 
mottled transverse band on the forewing the male-like In the $$ we distinguish between two main co¬ 
lour-types, of which the brown one is the more frequent, whereas the rarer one is, analogous to the CC, mostly 
banded with blue. In the Key Islands and Dammer only brown seem to exist; on the other hand, all the 
specimens before me from Australia, Neu-Pommern and the Talaut group belong to the blue type. The brown 
have as a rule on the forewing a white macular band which is but rarely wanting. Beneath the design of the 
upper surface is repeated, but the median band may in the blue change to white and in the brown ones 
become 'almost obsolete. Both sexes show double rows of white terminal spots and, separated from them 
by a black line, a series of adnerval patches, growing larger towards the anal angle, and followed by a row of 
6—-8 submarginal dots which are blue in the white in the $. The larva lives always gregariously on a 
shrub-like tree with large, rough leaves. When disturbed it emits a green liquid just like those of Vanessa. 
Its colour is black, the head provided with two long black horns, the segments with yellow spines and three yel¬ 
low lateral dots placed one above the other. Pupa gray, shaded with blackish and red-brown; head pointed, 
thorax keeled; abdomen ventrally armed with long, thin spines. Pupal state lasts 10—13 days. The larva 
is nearly always found infested with parasites, so that one hardly obtains 15 imagines from one hundred pu¬ 
pae; still the imago is quite common, and even the $$ are not rare, among the shrubbery bordering the out¬ 
skirts of the woods. -—- Of alimena A. (119 d) from the southern Moluccas the $ is known in 4 different colour- alimena. 
aberrations: one in which the $ is quite like the <$, only having on the forewing the oblique band slightly 
laved with white;—the other $-fa. coelia Fruhst., having the longitudinal bands on both wings light blue in- coelia. 
stead of dark and on the hindwings some large white anteterminal patches;—in §-fa. velleda Or. the ground- vcllcda. 
colour is brown, the forewings are adorned with a more or less distinct, white, violet-bordered, macular band, 
the hindwings are distally pale brown, spotted with yellowish along the black-brown antemarginal line; —- $-fa. 
porphyria Cr., the darkest form, described from Amboina but available only from Ceram, has both wings dark porphyria. 
cocoa-brown at the base, distally a trifle lighter, without any transcellular band on the forewing. In Am¬ 
boina, Saparua and Ceram quite common. — senia subsp. nov. (119c) has in the CS the blue bands some- scnia. 
what broader than alimena, and the three known $-forms have on both wings the white submarginal dots more 
distinct. Among the latter we distinguish one form analogous to coelia Fruhst., another corresponding to 
velleda Cr., with somewhat darker hindwings than in velleda from Saparua; the third is $-fa. diadema form, diddema. 
IX 
69 
