HYPOLIMNAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
54 7 
also Yule Island. In Australia alimena differs from the Moluccan forms in the presence of white spots on the 
blue longitudinal band on the forewing of the 33, and of broad, white marginal spots on the hindwings which, 
especially on the under surface, grow so large that they form a conspicuous border. The $$ are considerably 
larger than those of the insular forms. Semper reports also brown $$, which are not contained in my collec¬ 
tion. Found in the dense undergrowth during August and September. — inexpectata Godin. a. Salv. (119c $) incxpedala. 
is, next to selina Fruhst. and heteromorpha Boeb., one of the most striking local forms. The type came from 
Neu-Lauenburg; it is very common in Neu-Pommern, and Dr. Pagenstecher cites it also from Neu-Hanno- 
ver. Flies in March. Pagenstecher recognized its resemblance to the $ oiCethosia antippe. The 3 is like 
that of lamina, but smaller; forewing with light blue, white-centred band, hindwing with conspicuous white 
submarginal spots. The under surface of the d\^is just as variegated as in lamina, the hindwings bordered with 
pure white. Both wings differ from those of the other forms in having the basal area suffused with red-brown. 
-—- kuramata Ribbe is somewhat larger in size; the $$ lack the white band on the forewing and are on the hind- kuramata. 
wing less profusely marked with white, beneath still more broadly and intensely suffused with red-brown 
than in inexpectata. Neu-Mecklenburg. -—- diphridas subsp. nov. based on specimens from the Solomon Islands, diphridas. 
essentially differing from those from the Bismarck Archipelago. In 3 the upper surface is intermediate between 
obsolescens Fruhst. and libisonia Fruhst., but the blue band, although narrower, is not quite so obsolete as in 
obsolescens from Fergusson. Of the $ the two usual forms exist, one resembling the 3, having the longitudinal stri¬ 
pes obsolete and more violet than clear blue, the forewings occasionally marked with three indistinct white 
spots, the hindwings with large, distally blue-bordered, submarginal spots or resembling those of eremita Btlr. 
-$; the other more uniform and deeper brown, sometimes with a golden-brown submarginal zone. Beneath the 
33 resemble those of lamina Fruhst. from Australia; but also the $$ have invariably the median area white, 
and on the forewing a rudimentary, violet, median band. The larva which was discovered by Ribbe, has been 
described in the special diagnosis. Imago quite common. Both types from the Shortlancls Islands. My collec¬ 
tion contains blue $9 from Bougainville, brown ones from Rubiana and Renonga in New Georgia; the largest 
specimen comes from Guadalcanal' (April). — ysabela subsp. nov. is a small form of extreme melanotic charac- ysabela. 
ter, at once distinguished from diphridas by having the median bands on the upper surface light blue and redu¬ 
ced to quite thin stripes. The hindwings are beneath dull violet-white in the median area. The brown $ 
shows on the fore wing traces of a dark violet intramedian band (= $ fa. inter jecta form. nov.). Collected by inlerjecto. 
Ribbe in St. Ysabel. -—- fuliginescens Math, from the island of Ugi is on the other hand an extremely light form, fuligi- 
resembling inexpectata Godm., with a broader white subapical band on the forewing. 
H. misippus L. (Vol. I, p. 195, pi. 60c) probably has its real home in the Etheopian Region, since misippus. 
it occurs there in a number of $$-forms not found in the Oriental Region. From Afrilca this species has crossed 
to South America (specimens from Suriname in my own, from the Ucayali in the Staudinger collection) and the 
West Indies. It is quite abundant in Florida and has even been met with at New York. It is very com¬ 
mon in India, with the exception of Sikkim, in Formosa and the Macromalayan Islands, but grows more 
scarce farther east. From Neu-Pommern only one specimen is known, whereas in Kaiser-Wilhelmsland it is very 
common during the rainy-season. Dr. Hagen found there the larva on sweet potato vines and an ubiquitous, 
small Portulacea. Of the 3 two seasonal forms are known, a dwarfed form of the dry season (60c), and the 
other almost half as large again, reaching its greatest development in Formosa (October until December) and 
western, Java. The 33 from Formosa have, in addition, the otherwise black forewings red-brown at the base 
(fa. picta form. nov. observed already by Moore). The $ occurs in three forms, all of which are found on the pida. 
continent of India, two in Ceylon. The form alcippoides Btlr. which is in Africa exceedingly common, with alcippoides. 
whitish discal area on the hindwing, is occasionally found as a great rarity in Java, and by Moore reported from 
the Nilgiris. The $-form inaria Cr. (Vol. I, pi. 60c), conforming to Danaida dorippus, is nowhere rare in Deccan; inaria . 
also from Ceylon specimens are in my collection, and Moore reported having a specimen from Java. The 
well-known third $-form diocippus Cr. (Vol. I, pi. 60c) presents a startling likeness to Danaida chrysippus, differ- diocippus. 
ing somewhat in the width of the white band on the forewing; some specimens resemble the lighter chrysippus, 
others the dark chrysippus batavianus. There are also known perfect hermaphrodites (left 3, right $-fa. 
diocippus), found at Kanara, southern India (Moore) and at Malang in eastern Java. The most northern locality 
where the 3 has been found, appears, from the material in my collection, to be Ishigaki-Shima of the southern Liu 
kiu Islands. The time required for the development of the imago from the egg lasted, according to ob¬ 
servations made in India, from October 16th until November 20th. Pupal state lasts 12 days. In the south 
of India it first appears at the commencement of the dry period, when it is most common; in Ceylon the larva 
lives also on Abutilon; Doherty found it in the Nicobars, Rosset on Male, an atoll in the Maidive Islands. 
H. bolina, one of the characteristic butterflies of the eastern tropics, is not only one of the most 
common, but next to P. memnon also the most interesting among all Lepidoptera. A great deal has been 
written about this species; the notes published in the various magazines by English and Indian authors on 
the Biology andf he occurrence of the Indian H. bolina were collected by Moore (in Lep. Indica Vol. IV.), fill¬ 
ing 7 quarto-pages. Niceville was the first, who in 1886 observed in northern India the Dimorphism depending 
on the sharply-separated seasons, whereas Semper wrongly denies its existence in the Philippines. Of bolina we 
