HYPOLIMNAS. By H. Fruhstorfer, 
549 
midway between auge Cr. (118 b) and lisianassa (118 c), but surpass in the amount of white all their 
allies. Among 100 CC examined by Semper, 30 had the white median band on the under surface of the hind¬ 
wing quite broad(approaching auge Cr., liriaF.), 45 somewhat narrower, 20 very narrow and in only 5 it was 
wanting altogether. All <$<$, from Luzon to Mindanao, have without exception the submarginal area dotted 
with white. Specimens from the southern Philippines are larger than those from farther north. Of 100 
from Camiguin de Mindanao only 7 were entirely without the white median area on the under side of the 
hindwings, in 30 it was narrow, and in 63 very broad. But since we find in the $$ as well as in the CS inter¬ 
mediate forms, it is impossible to make a sharp separation. In the southern Philippines it is principally found 
. from July until September, Semper receiving in 1865 at one time over 1300 specimens from Camiguin de Mindanao, 
the $$ of which mostly were intermediate between the extreme forms perimele Cr. and iphigenia Cr. (118d). $$ 
with red-brown spots such as iphigenia, alimena, melita, eriphile Cr. are but rarely found in the Philippines. 
But according to Semper’s figures (on pi. 24 of his work on Philippine Rhopalocera) there occur in Luzon $$ 
approaching more closely the Indian jacintha and the Formosan kezia, having on the forewings a blue trans¬ 
verse band upon a brown ground, and on the hindwings a narrow, white submarginal band (cyanecula cyanecula. 
form. nov.). One $ from Palawan has the entire outer margin of both wings broadly bordered with clear 
white (subucula form. nov.). Among 14 $$ in my collection, 8 conform to the J'-fa. philippensis Btlr. in the subucula. 
white zone on the forewing and the dark blue disk on the hindwing, which sometimes is greatly reduced and but 
rarely laved with some white. Very rare are (J-like having the transverse band on the forewing blue (viri- viriliformis. 
liformis form, nov.) figured by Semper (fig. 2); very common however are $$ with large white discal area on the 
hindwing (victrix form, nov.) (118 c). To the latter must be referred all $$ from the island of Okinawa, 2 from vicirix. 
Bazilan and one from Palawan, contained in my collection. The larva feeds in Luzon on nettles, is dark brown 
with orange-yellow spines; the head is orange-yellow with two black horns; pupa dark brown, takes in Luzon 
during the months of August and October 10 days, in December 9—11 days to develop the imago, philippensis, 
as it is now understood, ranges from Luzon to Mindanao and Palawan; but it appears certain that the northern 
form may be separated from the one occuring in Mindanao. There are also in my coll. 4 from Mindoro, 
which are more unicolorous and darker than those from Bazilan collected by Doherty during February and 
March. In Okinawa the $ is rather rare in February and March, more abundant in July and August; it loves 
to rest on the leaves of the Banana tree. — joloana subsp. nov. is at once distinguished by its small size, joloana. 
One $ is of the type of philippensis, another of victrix (118c marked philippensis), but with a small white 
discal spot on the hindwing. Jolo, Sula Archipelago. — bolina L. (118 b) is probably based on the small-sized bolina. 
CC of the rainy-season, having on the underside of the hindwing a broad wide band; in older works they 
passed under the name of liria F. ; they are analogous to the Javanese form auge Cr. Some other CS deviate liria. 
from the figure in having on the upper surface of the hindwings two rows of antemarginal dots arranged as in 
philippensis -$ (118 c) (= ornamentalis form. nov.). Of this subspecies Moore figured both the summer and ornamen- 
winter forms, the CC of the dry -season being the larger, having on both wings the white colour in the disc more taJ C. 
or less suffused AVith blue; if no white is left, we have charybdis Btlr. (118c), in which the distal border also on charybdis. 
the under surface is no more clear white, but yellowish like in the 2$, and the gray-yellow median band is narrower, 
more blurred and indistinct. Both marginal border and the light median area may be completely wanting (luctuosa luctuosa. 
form, nov.), or more rarely the indistinct median striation on the under surface of the hindwings may be in places 
irrorated with violet (cj-fa. subviolacea form. nov.). Of the $ we distinguish two chief types: jacintha Don. subviolacea. 
(119 b) without any blue on the forewings, having on both sides the hindwings broadly cream-colonred in the Jacintha. 
distal area. -—- avia F . refers according to Butler to a form which is as large as jacintha, having on the avia. 
forewing the transcellular area broadly suffused with a deep blue iridescence, and occasionally on the hindwing 
the yellowish border somewhat reduced. — egna form. nov. is a very small $-form (dry-season?) with an egna. 
anteterminal double row of whitish patches and with a narrow transverse band of pale violet or dark blue colour, 
not unlike that of kezia (119 b); whereas the jacintha -$$ have on the hindwings either a very indistinct striation 
or none at all, those of egna have on the under surface a broad, whitish or yellow-brown, median zone. All the 
hitherto enumerated forms are connected by intermediate forms, and it seems that they are not strictly depend¬ 
ing on the seasons or any particular elevation. That much is certain, that nowhere in the entire Indian Empire, 
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Burmah, Farther India, western China and Hongkong there are found $$ 
displaying any vestiges of a reddish or fulvous postdiscal spotting on the foreAving or in the middle of the hind¬ 
wing. But in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra AVe begin to find ^-specimens having on the forewing 
a broad white band bordered at the periphery with blue, and on the hindwing a large Avhite discal area: incom- incommoda. 
moda Btlr. ; on the under surface these semi-bands are repeated, being yelloAvish in colour, and the distal border 
found in jacintha ma y be dull grey-yelloAV or clear creme-coloured. Such $$ as have above the spots white, 
have also the median striation on the under surface of the hindAvings whitish (cf. Distant pi. 17, fig. 9). Not- 
Avithstanding the great variability of the incommoda -$$, the light, yelloAV-marked form so common in Java is 
according to Hagen not represented. Martin reports that in December 1892 and January 1893 it occurred 
